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Ceramics
Published in William Bolton, R.A. Higgins, Materials for Engineers and Technicians, 2020
Since raw fireclay is relatively expensive, crushed used firebrick (known as grog) is added to new clay, partly for reasons of economy but also to reduce shrinkage of the product during firing. Once fired, clay will not shrink a second time.
Sustainable Construction Materials
Published in J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction, 2018
J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture
Traditional clay bricks consist of clay and shale. Clay contains feldspar, quartz, and other impurities, including iron oxide. Shale is a sedimentary rock that includes clay, mud, and silt. A large percentage of the waste produced during the manufacturing of bricks is ground into grog, also known as fire sand or chamotte clay, which is mostly silica and alumina produced by firing clay and grinding it into specific particle sizes and added to the mix. Waste products not reused in this manner are sold for landscaping or aggregate base.
Production of Pottery from Esfandaghe and Jiroft, Iran, late 7th - early 3rd Millennium BC
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2020
Microscopical observation shows that the essential aplastic inclusion within the matrix contains crushed pottery or grog. The presence of grogs is considered in most of the investigated samples in poorly sorted angular fragments (Fig. 2h). Grog was identified as a kind of additive or temper, and this highlights the advantages of re-using pottery waste, accidentally produced by wrong firing. Moreover, grogs can improve a kind of standardization. It reflects the know-how of the potters, who knew of its benefits for the matrix. The use of the same technological features seems to indicate the evolution of the skills of local potters and not the introduction of practices brought into the region by new inhabitants (Fig. 2a–h).