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Composite manufacturing processes
Published in A.R. Bunsell, S. Joannès, A. Thionnet, Fundamentals of Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials, 2021
R. Bunsell, S. Joannes, A. Thionnet
Filament winding of continuous filaments onto a rotating mandrel after first being impregnated with uncured thermosetting resin or coated with thermoplastic is a means of making high-performance, highly reproducible, composite structures. The simplest structures which can be made by this technique are tubes, using a cylindrical rotating mandrel ① onto which the continuous fibres ② & ⑥ are wound from a head ③ which repeatedly sweeps from one end of the mandrel to the other (Figure 4.7). Such cylinders can be very large.
Design Properties of Materials
Published in Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener, Applied Strength of Materials, Sixth Edition SI Units Version, 2017
Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener
Filament winding is used to make pipe, pressure vessels, rocket motor cases, instrument enclosures, and odd-shaped containers. The continuous filament can be placed in a variety of patterns, including helical, axial, and circumferential, to produce desired strength and stiffness characteristics.
Manufacture of fibre composites
Published in Marios Soutsos, Peter Domone, Construction Materials, 2017
For large cylindrical components such as pressure vessels or pipes, filament winding can be used. Continuous fibre rovings are pulled through a resin bath and wound onto a rotating mandrel, which acts as a male mould. By computer control of the rotational speed of the mandrel, the number of times and rate at which the fibre feed travels across the mandrel, and the angle at which the fibres are introduced, precise control of the fibre architecture is possible and exceptionally high-strength composites can be achieved. A combination of helical and circumferential layers is used – the former providing hoop or radial strength, and the latter providing axial, shear and torsional strength (Figure 33.5).
Indigenous Development of Epoxy Resin System for Cryogenic Services and Fusion Application
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2023
Rajiv Sharma, Alkesh M. Mavani, V. L. Tanna
Different types of imported and indigenous epoxy resin systems[2] have been used to fabricate dissimilar joints (stainless steel to GFRP) for bonding and sealing purposes. The fabricated dissimilar-material joint forms of cryo components are used in superconducting fusion magnet hydraulics. The tube form of the GFRP composite (S-glass) is used to join with stainless steel metal. Due to need for high mechanical strength at cryogenic temperatures in cryogenic components, the wet filament winding process was selected to fabricate the dissimilar joint.[3] Optimization of the glass fiber, epoxy resin content, and fiber angle factors of the wet filament winding process strongly influenced the performance of the final component. The performance tests and results of different epoxy resin systems are summarized in Table I.
Long-term viscoelastic properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using tow prepreg strand specimens
Published in Advanced Composite Materials, 2023
A composite material macroscopically consists of two or more constituents and has better properties than when each constituent is used alone. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic, representative composite materials, uses carbon fiber as reinforcement and polymer as a matrix. There are many manufacturing processes for making composites, such as filament winding, resin transfer molding, vacuum bag molding, etc. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, so the best choice is selected according to the geometry and purpose of the structures. A prepreg is an intermediate material that is partially cured. It is mainly used in high-performance and reliable parts, which require precise control of fiber volume fraction and orientation [1]. Prepregs are mainly made in the form of sheets or tows. The sheet prepreg is usually laminated and cut into the desired shape. Tow prepreg is in the form of a strand wound on a bobbin for filament winding. Filament winding is a method of winding fibers on the mandrel and is used to manufacture cylindrical structures such as pipes and pressure vessels. There is an advantage of good material efficiency because there is no wasted material to be cut and discarded [2]. There are many processing parameters, such as winding angle and pattern, which directly affect the performance of the structures. Therefore, it should be designed to satisfy the purpose, and the lifespan and performance of the structures should also be predictable [3,4].
Buckling of helically wound composite cylinders under uniform external pressure
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2023
Xinlong Zuo, Jian Zhang, Wenxian Tang, Ming Zhan, Yongsheng Li
Many experimental studies have been devoted to filament wound cylinders because the continuous strands offering reinforcement can be oriented in any direction. Filament winding is the main process for manufacturing composite cylinders in which a series of continuous fibres are applied to a rotating mandrel (Rosenow 1984). To validate design results, multiple hydrostatic pressure tests were conducted on filament-wound cylinders(Hernández-Moreno et al. 2008; Javier et al. 2018; Bozkurt et al. 2019). To quantify small deformations caused by buckling, the group of Pan presented an experimental approach in which the strain and buckling responses are employed to evaluate and monitor the buckling modes and load capacities of composite cylinders. They discovered that the buckling of composite cylinders precedes their collapse (Shen and Pan 2021). Studies have also been conducted on composite cylinders that have fibre reinforcements arranged at ±55° to the longitudinal axis (Al-Salehi et al. 1989; Mistry et al. 1992; Carroll et al. 1995; Graham 1995). For instance, Kaddour and coresearchers tested ±55° glass–epoxy composite cylinders under biaxial compression (Liu et al. 2005) because the ±55° angle plies were considered optimal for closed-ended cylinders subjected to uniform external pressure (Kaddour et al. 1998).