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Woods
Published in M. Rashad Islam, Civil Engineering Materials, 2020
Several types of wood panels are commonly available, such as plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composite panels. OSB is very popular for floor and wall sheathing. Plywood refers to wood structural panels comprising wood veneer arranged in cross-aligned layers. Fiberboard is made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibers, and combining them with wax and a resin binder. Particle board is manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or even sawdust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded. For cross-laminated timber (CLT), each layer of boards is placed cross-wise to adjacent layers for increased rigidity and strength. Densified wood is made by using a mechanical hot press to compress wood fibers and increase the density, to enhance the strength and stiffness of the wood by a proportional amount. Currently, chemically densified wood is also available, and transparent wood composites will be available on the market, in the future.
Thermal/Acoustical Insulation and Interior Wall/Ceiling Materials
Published in Kathleen Hess-Kosa, Building Materials, 2017
On the heels of tin tiles comes “mineral fiber tiles” which is typically comprised of perlite, cellulose, slag wool fibers, kaolin clay, limestone, and starch with possible crystalline quartz contaminants. Mineral fiber tiles are also referred to—in some of the home improvement centers—as fiberboard while referencing a name brand mineral fiber tile. By definition, fiberboard is a building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed and glued (generally with a formaldehyde containing polymer) into rigid sheets. The only plant fiber component of mineral fiber tiles is cellulose, and the glue is starch. So, this is yet another example of a distributor misnaming a building product. Although the fibers are a physical irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, mineral fibers are not likely to emit irritant/toxic chemicals.
Timber
Published in Ash Ahmed, John Sturges, Materials Science in Construction: An Introduction, 2014
With the dry process, the fibre bundles are first dried to a low moisture content before being sprayed with an adhesive and formed into a mat. This mat is then hot-pressed to produce a board with two smooth faces. Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is the main type of board produced by the dry process. The various types of fibreboard produced include hardboards (density 800 kg/m3), mediumboards (density 350–800 kg/m3 and above), softboards (density less than 350 kg/m3) and medium-density fibreboard (MDF). Much more MDF is produced than any of the other fibreboard materials, with some going into furniture production. However, an increasing amount goes into construction in the form of window boards, skirting boards and architraves. Each new house in the UK now contains perhaps 150–250 m of MDF skirting and architrave (Dinwoodie, 1996). It is not difficult to understand why this is; solid timber skirtings and architrave gave rise to cutting and aesthetic problems because of the presence of knots, and other defects.
Physical and mechanical properties of thin high density fiberboard bonded with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2020
Mariusz Ł. Mamiński, Andrzej Trzepałka, Radosław Auriga, Paik San H’Ng, Kit Ling Chin
The natural fibers from lignocellulosic resources have become more and more attractive in the development of modern materials and composites [1–3]. At the same time, research of novel adhesives, often based on renewable resources, for wood based composites is being done [4–9]. These days, there is a market need for fiberboards of enhanced properties like reduced interactions with water and high dimensional stability, while the mechanical properties and resistance to bioattack are retained or even improved. Fiberboard is defined as wood-based panel produced from lignocellulosic fibers combined with a synthetic adhesive in a dry process by hot pressing [10]. High density fibreboard (HDF) is sub-type of fiberboard class characterized by the density above 800 kg· m–3. Due to high moisture uptake by lignocellulosic fibers, a reduction in their hydrophilic character is a challenge while designing new materials for furniture or building purposes. That disadvantage can be overcome by chemical or physical modification of fibers. Salvadó et al. [11] reported fiberboard made of steam exploded fiber of reduced interactions with moisture. Mohebby and co-workers [12] demonstrated that hydrothermal treatment of fibers might result in improved dimensional stability of boards in contact with water. Chemical modification of fibers with maleic anhydride has recently been shown to effectively improve internal bond of MDF, however, hydrophobation was not achieved [13]. Earlier attempts of fiber pretreatment with maleic, succinic and acetic anhydride fibers can be found in the literature [14].