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Organic Air Pollutants
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
With annual global industrial production exceeding 1 billion kg, formaldehyde is used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, lacquers, dyes, and explosives. It is uniquely important because of its widespread distribution and toxicity. Humans may be exposed to formaldehyde in the manufacture and use of phenol, urea, and melamine resin plastics, and from formaldehyde-containing adhesives in pressed wood products such as particle board, used in especially large quantities in mobile home construction. However, significantly improved manufacturing processes have greatly reduced formaldehyde emissions from these synthetic building materials. Formaldehyde occurs in the atmosphere primarily in the gas phase.
Formaldehyde
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
A major route of formaldehyde exposure for the general population is inhalation of indoor air; releases of formaldehyde from new or recently installed building materials and furnishings may account for most of the exposure. Environmental tobacco smoke may contribute 10%–25% of the exposure. Since formaldehyde in food is not available in free form, it is not included in estimated exposures.10 Consumers can be exposed to formaldehyde gas through its use in construction materials, wood products, textiles, home furnishings, paper, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Dermal contact with formaldehyde-containing materials, including some paper products, fabrics, and cosmetics, may also lead to consumer exposure. Commuters may be exposed to formaldehyde while riding in automobiles or subways, walking, and biking.45
Comparative Evaluation of Rice Bran- and Corn Starch-modified Urea Formaldehyde Adhesives on Improvements of Environmental Performance of Agro-based Composites
Published in Zhongqi He, Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 2017
Altaf H. Basta, Houssni El-Saied, Jerrold E. Winandy
Numerous investigators (Gosselin et al., 1984; Blair et al., 1986; Collin et al., 1988; Nunn et al., 1990) studied the health effects of formaldehyde. Epidemiology studies have inferred possible association between formaldehyde exposure and increasing risk of cancer. Exposure to extremely high concentrations of HCHO in air can produce spasms and edema of the larynx. Individual susceptibility to the irritating effects of airborne formaldehyde can increase with repeated exposures (Beane Freeman et al., 2009). Formaldehyde emission properties of different wood based composite panels and methods of determination were studied in detail (Kim and Kim, 2005; Roffael, 2006; Costa et al., 2012; Salem et al., 2012).
Experimental study and kinetic model analysis on photothermal catalysis of formaldehyde by manganese and cerium based catalytic materials
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2023
Zhiqiang Wang, Wei Xiao, Fangzhu Zhang, Shimin Zhang, Wufeng Jin
Nowadays, vehicles have become an indispensable way for people to travel, and most of the air quality problems in cars are poor. Among them, formaldehyde pollution in cars cannot be ignored. Formaldehyde is a toxic air pollutant and is known to cause cancer (Kumar, Rattan, and Prasad 2015). China’s national standard stipulates that the formaldehyde in the car should not exceed 0.1 (Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, 2011). While the formaldehyde concentration is in the range of 0.06 ~ 0.07, infants may develop mild asthma (Hao et al. 2021; Tang et al. 2009; Ye et al. 2007). Numerous studies have shown that long-term exposure to high concentrations of formaldehyde can cause serious pathological effects on human health, including skin and mucous membrane irritation, nasal tumors, chronic bronchitis, respiratory dysfunction, hepatotoxic damage, and even cancer (Jiang et al. 2017; Hu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2018). Lower concentrations of formaldehyde can also irritate the eyes and airways of humans (Chen et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2018; Kumar, Rattan, and Prasad 2015).
Influence of calcination temperature on the gas-sensing performance of 3D porous SnO2 to formaldehyde
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Chunxia Tian, Zhijun Wang, Yu Li, Li Liu
Formaldehyde is a widely used industrial product and is used in many industries, such as the production of particleboard, plywood, wood, adhesives, paint, and ceramic tile.[1] It exists in the indoor or outdoor air and people can get in touch with it often. Exposure to a low concentration of formaldehyde (0.2–0.7 mg/m3) will irritate the human body, especially the eyes and respiratory tract. When the formaldehyde concentration reaches 30 mg/m3, it is fatal to the human body.[1,2] In addition, formaldehyde has mutagenic effect in some fungi and bacteria, which is carcinogenic.[1,3] Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct accurate and effective monitoring and detection of formaldehyde.[4–6]
Phytoremediation of indoor formaldehyde by plants and plant material
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Abeer Ahmed Khalifa, Ezzat Khan, Muhammad Salim Akhtar
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong smell and is one of the common chemicals used in various building materials. Some of the materials where formaldehyde is used are, wood products processed in industries, paper products, coating, and insulating material, and as a reagent in the chemical industry. It is a reactive compound and lasts for a few hours in the air, it is highly soluble in water. The water solution of formaldehyde is called formalin which is used as a preservative in funeral homes, laboratories, as food preservatives (in some cases), as antiseptic, medicines, cosmetic products, and many more. It is also produced during the cooking of some foods and smoking in houses. Based on the toxicity of this chemical it has been declared a human carcinogen by the Environmental protection Agency (EPA), National cancer institute (NCI), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and National Toxicology Program (NTP) (Beane Freeman et al. 2009).