China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Mechanical Working and Rolling Process
Published in N.K. Gupta, Steel Rolling, 2021
The iron-carbon phase diagram is the most important subject in the study of ferrous metallurgy. It provides the basis for understanding the properties and heat treatment of steel and the effect of alloying elements in alloy steel.
Clarke concentrations of heavy metals in surface waters of the transboundary river Yertis (Kazakhstan)
Published in Water Science, 2023
Aizhan Ryskeldieva, Diana Burlibaeva, Almat Yerdesbay, Gulsara Kamelkhan, Nurbanu Sarova
Copper and zinc are most often released into waters from non-ferrous metallurgy plants, from mine waters and from transport. The increase in concentrations of these substances results in a slowing of the processes of self-purification of water from organic compounds and in the suppression of the biological life of the basin. Copper and zinc are not completely removed from the waters, only their forms and migration rates change. The decrease in the concentration of these substances comes only from dilution (Otyukova, 2016). The main contributor to the zinc intake at the point Predgornoe village is the right-bank tributary – the Krasnoyarka river. The Krasnoyarka river flows in the area of the Ridder mining and processing complex, which includes the Berezovsky section of polymetallic ores with high copper and zinc content. Mine waters from the Berezovsky mine flow directly into the Krasnoyarka river.
Experimental Measurements of Slag/Matte/Metal/Tridymite Phase Equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si System at 1200ºC
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Svetlana Sineva, Maksym Shevchenko, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
An integrated thermodynamic and experimental approach was used in a recent study of slag/matte/metal/tridymite equilibria in the Cu–Fe–O–S–Si system at 1200℃, 1250℃, and 1300℃ (Sineva et al. 2020a), focused on mattes with copper concentrations higher than 40 wt. % Cu but this study did not include the direct measurement of oxygen concentrations in matte. The focus of the study described here is the detailed experimental measurement of condensed phase equilibria between slag/matte/metal/tridymite phases over the full range of matte grades from Cu-free mattes to white metal, that is, mattes containing between 0 and 80 wt% of Cu. Particular attention has been given to the measurement of equilibria with low-grade mattes, as the experimental data are incomplete for these conditions. The obtained experimental data are to be used to further improve the thermodynamic database describing multicomponent systems for non-ferrous metallurgy and recycling applications.
Comparative study on mineralogy and beneficiation potential of western Crete iron ores
Published in Applied Earth Science, 2020
Antonios Stratakis, Evangelos Petrakis, Nikolaos Katzagiannakis, Georgios Alevizos
Ferrous metallurgy in Greece begins very early in the ancient years and the first evidence for metallurgical activity appears in the late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age. In the nineteenth century, there was a significant development of iron ore mining and the mines of several sites produced substantial quantities of iron ore. In early of twentieth century, the first steelwork companies were established; Helliniki Halyvourgia was the first company which produced steel in modern Greece. The major mineral phases of the Greek iron deposits are magnetite (Fe3O4), haematite (Fe2O3) and limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O) (Zevgolis et al. 1999; Trichos et al. 2013). These formations have been developed in marbles or formed in contact with shales (Tsirampidis 2005). Moreover low-temperature iron-oxide ore is also found along large-scale detachment faults elsewhere, and such as in Laurium and Hymittos in the Attic-Cycladic massif (Stouraiti et al. 2016, 2019).