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Textile Fabrics
Published in Yasir Nawab, Syed Talha Ali Hamdani, Khubab Shaker, Structural Textile Design, 2017
Woven fabrics are produced by interlacement of two sets of yarns perpendicular to each other, that is, warp and weft forming a stable structure, while knitted fabrics are made up of interconnected loops of yarn. The bent yarn in a loop provides stretch, comfort, and shape retention properties to knitted fabric. However, the knitted fabrics are generally less durable than the woven fabric. Such properties help to determine the end use of a specific fabric. The chemical and/or mechanical bonding or interlocking of fibers produces a fabric structure known as the nonwoven fabric. The process of fabrics formation also determines the name of fabric produced, for example, felt, lace, double-knit, and tricot.
Bed linen
Published in V. Ramesh Babu, S. Sundaresan, Home Furnishing, 2018
The thread count is the number of threads that are contained in one square inch of fabric. Higher thread counts in a fabric mean it is lighter and softer. The tightness of the weave also prevents leakage of the fill inside the comforter to the outside air. The lightness also helps the fill to “loft”- puff up in layman’s terms. Down proofness is measure in millimeters. Lower numbers mean better down proofing. The industry standard in “10”. An air porosity test (how much air can pass through a fabric) is a measure of “down proofness”. Higher thread counts are obviously better for comforter covers. In other words, no little feathers poking through the fabric.
The textile in seismic architecture: A reinforcement solution
Published in Gianni Montagna, Cristina Carvalho, Textiles, Identity and Innovation: Design the Future, 2018
António José Morais, José Afonso, Alexandrino Diogo Basto
Synthetic fabrics are man-made fibers, using as raw material chemicals from the petrochemical industry. The most common are polyester (PES), polyamide (PA), acrylic (PAC), polypropylene (PP) and elastomeric polyurethane (PUR), as well as Aramides (Kevlar and Nomex) (Heyse, P. et al 2015). Artificial fabrics come from cellulosic fibers, from materials such as corn and vegetable oils. Among the materials most publicized by the textile industry we have rayon, which is a cellulose fiber, and was the first synthetic fabric produced, known by the most common name of nylon. It is made from a polymer, the polyester, which is derived from alcohols, in chemical terms.
Assessment of a unique reinforcement construction on mechanical behaviour of composite structures
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
As shown in Figure 5, among all the composite plates, C2 has the highest bending strength, with 789.693 MPa for the weft direction and 854.420 MPa for the warp direction. Regarding reinforcement fabric construction, twill reinforcement is expected to display the highest strength as reported by Houshyar et al. (2005) since this construction has lower interlace point, longer float length and also lower crimp ratio than that of plain construction, meaning that fewer air gap is entrapped in yarn interlacement points during composite manufacturing and thus providing higher strength. C4 plate reinforced by two layers of interlock knitted fabric exhibits the lowest strength with 179.897 MPa and 227.249 MPa in the course and wale direction, respectively similar to findings of Wu et al. (1993), Leong et al., 2000, and Padaki et al. (2006) about knitted composites. This phenomenon could have various potential reasons. One reason is that woven fabrics are constructed by a significant number of parallelly oriented yarn, while knitted fabrics are constructed by manipulating a single yarn. Another is that the highly curved configuration of yarn in knitted fabrics could lead to the void formation in loop linkage regions due to loop interlocking. Another factor is massive fibre failure resulting from loop formation mechanism in the course of brittle fibre utilization (Padaki et al., 2006). Meaningly, it is a challenge to manipulate and handle carbon fibre because it has inherent brittle characteristics.
Investigation on material variants and fabrication methods for microstrip textile antennas: A review based on conventional and novel concepts of weaving, knitting and embroidery
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Rameesh Lakshan Bulathsinghala
Knit fabrics are composed of interloping loops of yarns. The two major types of knits are weft knits and warp knits (Figure 3ai). In weft knits, as illustrated in Figure 3ai, each course yarn lies at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced (wale direction) and the interloping course yarn traverses the fabric widthwise direction. Three fundamental stitches in weft knitting are plain-knit, purl, and rib. Weft knitting machines can produce both flat (Figure 3biv) and circular fabrics (Figure 3bi,bii). As illustrated in Figure 3aii (left), the individual yarn is fed one or more needles at a time, however, multiple yarns can also be fed. On the other hand, in warp knits, the interloping course yarn traverses the fabric in a lengthwise direction. The needles produce parallel rows of loops that are simultaneously interlocked in a zigzag pattern (Figure 3aii (right)). One or more set of warp yarns are fed through swinging yarn guides to a row of needles extending across the width of the machine (,biFigure 3aiii). Two common types of warp knitting machines are the Tricot and Raschel machines. Figure 3biii represents a schematic of knitting mechanism of a tricot knitting machine. Unlike typical knit structures, however, a separate conductive yarn (metal coated textile yarn) is interloped with the knit structure while producing antenna conductive components, as illustrated in Figure 3c, to create a set of intermeshing conductive loops.
Fabric properties and electric efficiency limits of mechanical moisture extraction from fabrics
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Ayyoub M. Momen, Viral K. Patel, Kyle R. Gluesenkamp, Donald Erdman, James Kiggans, Geoffrey Ormston
As shown in Figure 3, fabrics used for textiles can have a complex pore structure and it is important to distinguish between the different types of pores in them. Fabrics are typically made of yarns which are continuous lengths of natural or synthetic fibers. The largest pores in fabrics are generally inter-yarn pores. In between the strands of fiber in a given yarn, there can exist intra-yarn (or inter-fiber) pores. The smallest pores are in the strands of fiber themselves, and these are referred to as intra-fiber pores.[20] Pore structures can vary widely for different types of fabrics and strongly depend on the fiber density and types of fibers used in their makeup. For example, cotton fibers tend to have irregular shapes and dimensions, while polyester fibers have more uniform shapes and are homogenous; these factors affect the inter-fiber pore sizes and distribution. In addition to pore geometry and fiber geometry, fabric wettability also plays an important role in water retention characteristics of the material, which is highly relevant for the drying process.[20]