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General report: Classification of arid soils for engineering purposes
Published in P.G. Fookes, R.H.G. Parry, Engineering Characteristics of Arid Soils, 2020
In this definition the arid climate may be present day or ancient but temperature is not an overriding factor. The most familiar arid soils are loess and hot desert soils where the profile often develops a duricrust. However, within this definition arid soils are more widespread. They will be found predominantly in hot deserts but they will also occur in temperate and cold regions where there is, or has been, low rainfall amounting to arid conditions. The key feature is that the soil has been, or is, subjected to conditions of moisture deficit. More than a third of the soils in the World may correspond to this definition.
Ground Treatment and Support
Published in F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas, A Geology for Engineers, 2017
F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas
In all these investigations it is helpful to note the resistance the ground may offer to pile driving and pile formation. The density of the ground, and the difficulty with which borehole casing may be advanced during drilling, are good indicators of likely problems to be encountered during wall construction. Many glacial deposits of sand and gravel are extremely difficult to penetrate. In tropical and arid regions layers of iron-pan and other forms of duricrust (p. 38) may exist, buring beneath weaker overlying sediments. Boulders should always be noted, when present.
Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the iron–duricrust deposit in Adi-Daero area, northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia: implication for the origin and controlling factors
Published in Applied Earth Science, 2020
Yeman Gebru, Teklay Gidey, Bereket Gebresilassie, Tekia Hadgu
In the study area, an iron duricrust is developed on Mesozoic sedimentary rock (Adigrat Sandstone) which overlies basement meta-sandstone, with the Adigrat Sandstone regarded as bedrock for the purposes of this study. The ferricrete, 6 m thick, is uppermost in a profile that includes a clay-rich horizon (3–4 m thick). In the Adi-Daero area, an outcrops of a complete ferricrete profile are rare. However, detailed mapping of the area around the village of Adi-Daero and field observation of quarry sites and excavations, road cuttings, natural sections and marginal outcrops in the area permitted reconstruction of the entire ferricrete profile from the surface iron-rich duricrust to the underlying bedrock (Figure 2).
Quantifying weathering intensity using chemical proxies: a weathering index AFB
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023
The residual regolith profiles studied were mostly overlain by transported ferruginous duricrust, ferricrete and soil. Local regolith classifications were converted into the CSIRO-CRC LEME based classification scheme using available mineral and chemical data. A few data records were omitted based on evidence of atypical composition, later modification or alteration.