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Combinatorial Chemistry Approach and the Taguchi Method for Phosphors
Published in Ru-Shi Liu, Xiao-Jun Wang, Phosphor Handbook, 2022
Combinatorial chemistry, which is a branch of modern chemistry, has emerged as a new method to rapidly synthesize vast numbers of samples in a parallel way and then high-throughput characterize them to screen for desirable properties. Initially, combinatorial chemistry was developed by biological chemists to accelerate drug discovery in pharmaceutical research by creating and making use of diversity [1]. As is known, the discovery of a new medicine is time-consuming and very expensive. Typically, the research and development (R&D) period of a medicine is about 10–15 years, and the total cost toward the R&D of each drug is about US$897 million to US$1.9 billion on an average, owing to the high costs of R&D and human clinical tests [2]. To reduce the R&D cost and duration, chemists developed variant methods to synthesize multiple components to accelerate the discovery of new drugs by increasing the possibility of new clinical candidates [3].
Alkaliphilic Bacteria and Thermophilic Actinomycetes as New Sources of Antimicrobial Compounds
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Industrial Biotechnology, 2017
Suchitra B. Borgave, Meghana S. Kulkarni, Pradnya P. Kanekar, Dattatraya G. Naik
Automated combinatorial chemistry can now synthesize a near-infinite number of compounds. The problem is narrowing down the possibilities to a reasonable subset to synthesize and screen. Many off-the-shelf options exist for creating library subsets, but these are often limited in scope. Improved integration interfaces mean that multiple organizations now offer solutions that combine existing products to automate parts of a laboratory process. However, when processes change, existing products do not necessarily adapt and can be throughput limiting. Companies that provide custom automation and are able to develop technologies to fill gaps in the process are therefore seeing an increased demand for bespoke automation solutions. More flexible systems can be produced if the automation is tailored to the needs of the chemist, rather than the other way around, and throughput requirements can be built in from the start.
Production of Antibiotics and Anti-Tumor Agents
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
Recently, newer methods have been developed for searching for new antibiotics, anti- tumor agents, and other drugs. These methods include computer-aided drug designing, synthesis of new drugs by combinatorial chemistry, and genome-based methods.
Production of stable amorphous form by means of spray drying
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2019
Igor Nežić, Aleksandra Sander, Ernest Meštrović, Dražen Čavužić
Currently, a great many of the pharmaceutical formulations on the market use the crystalline state of the APIs. The advantage of using the crystalline form is because the proper polymorphic crystalline tend to have good physical and/or chemical stability (Caron et al. 2011). When it comes to new chemical entities, majority of them are synthesized using combinatorial chemistry based on the structure of the targeted receptors. This approach usually results in large molecules which exhibit greater degrees of hydrophobicity. Consequently, these molecules may cause lower solubility in the gastrointestinal tract which inherently then lowers bioavailability. This solubility issue poses one of the greatest challenges during formulation development of such APIs (Caron et al. 2011; Mittal et al. 2014; Patel et al. 2015).