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The Measurement of Textile Material Properties
Published in Tom Cassidy, Parikshit Goswami, Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 2017
Color fastness describes the properties of dyes in fabrics when enduring conditions and chemicals that they are exposed to. ISO 105 is a set of standards that explain test procedures for several color fastness tests, test conditions, and assessing procedures. Generally, one standard explains the determination of color fastness against one factor. Color fastness is assessed in most tests as a change in color and staining. A color fastness test applies not only for the specific dye examined but also for the dyeing procedure. Therefore, the same dye used in a different dyeing procedure might give a different result in a color fastness test. Furthermore, the dyed fiber type has an effect on the result.
Testing and appraisal
Published in Michael Hann, Textile Design, 2020
Colour fastness is the measure of the resistance of the colour in a dyed cloth when exposed to certain agents or conditions. Colour fastness of cloths to light, laundering, chlorinated and non-chlorinated water, and perspiration are crucial considerations depending on the anticipated end use. Numerous tests for colour fastness under different conditions have evolved. Generally, five grades are used in the scale from 5 (signifying no apparent change) to 1 (where substantial change appears to be the case). In the case of fastness to light (where more detail is considered necessary to help with dye selection) a scale of 1 to 8 is used, with 8 representing the highest degree of fastness.
Testing of Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics and Their Recent Developments
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
Colour fastness is a term that defines the degree of propensity of a textile to change or fade colour when treated in a certain way (Saville 1999; Behera 1999; Mohsin 2017). Textile materials are added colours (either by dyeing or printing) to increase their aesthetic value. However, the added colours may fade due to the influence of various environmental factors like rubbing, light, seawater, chlorine, water, etc. In addition, colour may also fade while processing or caring textiles like durable press, washing, dry cleaning, hot pressing, drying, etc. Colour of some textiles fades significantly, whereas some textiles lose little colour or not at all while being used. A textile that loses little or no colour due to various caring and environmental factors is said to have good colour fastness and vice versa. For example, if a coloured fabric does not bleed colour while washing, then that fabric is said to have an excellent colour fastness to washing, whereas if the fabric bleeds colour, then the fabric is said to have poor colour fastness to washing. Apart from the colour change of the textile, assessment of colour staining is also important, as textiles are usually in contact with each other, especially during using and caring like rubbing, washing, dry cleaning, etc. Hence, there is a possibility of migration of colour from one textile to the other. Therefore, the colour fastness of a textile is assessed with respect to the following: Colour change or fadingColour staining of undyed material that is in contact with the textile during the test
Effect of a novel press washing mode on appearance and mechanical properties of silk garments: comparison with hand washing and front-loading machine washing
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Yan Luo, Caixia Wang, Lihui Wang, Xuemei Ding, Xiongying Wu
The color fastness of the samples was evaluated according to ISO 105-A05:1996 (Textiles—Tests for color fastness—Part A05: Instrumental assessment of change in color for determination of grey scale rating). A portable spectrophotometer (Ci6X series, X-rite Incorporated) was applied in this study to measure the color values of the reference (i.e. the unlaundered sample) and test samples. Since the color of silk fabrics was not absolutely uniform, five points were tested for each sample, and the color values of the samples were then converted into color fastness grades reflecting color changes using formulas (1)–(3). The mean values were finally taken, expressed to the nearest half-point. Also, the standard deviations of the results were given. where is the color difference value of the sample; ΔΔ are the differences in lightness, chroma and hue between the reference and sample; is the grey scale rating for color change.
Eco-friendly antibacterial dyeing of poly(lactic acid) with prodigiosins suspension produced by Zooshikella ganghwensis
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Lili Feng, Limin Ren, Lejun Wang, Hongjie Zhang
Color fastness, referring to the resistance of a material to change in any of its color characteristics to various parameters during process and testing, is an important indicator in case of dyed textile materials (Zuber et al., 2012). Table 2 displays rubbing fastness and washing fastness of PLA nonwoven fabrics, they are divided into five levels according to the standard textile testing methods, among which level 5 is the best and level 1 is the worst color fastness, respectively. Apparently, dyed samples exhibited outstanding rubbing fastness, indicating that prodigiosins had excellent affinity toward PLA nonwoven fabrics. Meanwhile, since prodigiosins were almost insoluble in water, dyed samples exhibited good washing fastness (4–5), which was consistent with the literature reported (Gong et al., 2017; Ren et al., 2017).
The feasibility of reusing highway runoff for fabric dyeing: a proof of concept
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2022
Muhammad Arslan, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh
Colorfastness is a material's resistance to color fading when exposed to the environment. A standard greyscale rating was used to assess or rate the color fading or staining during fastness testing, as shown in Table 7. Greyscale is used to visually assess and compare the loss of color by identifying a half-step rating of 5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, and 1. The half-step scale consists of pairings of grey color swatches, from 5 being good to 1 being poor. One half of the pair is always the same shade of grey, with the second half getting lighter as you move down the ratings. Each pairing illustrates the difference in shade between a sample which has undergone testing and a control sample, which corresponds to a numbered rating (ISO-105 A2; Rahman et al. 2016). The colorfastness to washing and colorfastness to crocking/ rubbings test results were very close to that of dyeing with distilled water, as shown in Table 8.