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Cobalt Toxicity and Human Health
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Md. Hafiz Uddin, Marufa Rumman
In vitro and in vivo studies showed toxicological harmful effects of Co-Fe-NPs on diverse organs and systems through the generation of ROS [37]. In vitro experiment in PC12 cells with Co-NPs showed downregulation of antioxidant response gene NRF2 along with reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic cell death [41]. In human macrophage cells (U937 cell line, human alveolar macrophages, and monocyte-derived macrophages), Co-NPs (5–20 mg/mL) induced enhanced cytotoxicity and elevated ROS, compared to cobalt ions (CoCl2, up to 350 nM) [19]. Studies showed that bare cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO-NPs) provoked a significant amount of ROS in a dose-dependent manner within 24 h of exposure in primary human lymphocytes leading to cell death. To induce apoptotic cell death, the elevated ROS causes the elevation of TNF-α which, in turn, activates caspase-8, phosphorylate P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) followed by activation of caspase-3 (Figure 15.1). CoO-NPs can induce toxicity in vitro at 5 µg/mL (for 24 h culture) and in vivo at 200 µg/kg body weight (for 15 days). These findings suggested that bare CoO-NPs is toxic and fatal for human health [5].
Cytotoxic effect of cobalt oxide–graphene oxide nanocomposites on melanoma cell line
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Anju Mishra, Anu Singh, Hemant R. Kushwaha, Amodini Mishra
Co3O4/GO nanocomposites were synthesised using simple co-precipitation method, characterised and used for anti-cancer activity studies in mice melanoma cell line. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have been reported for good anti-cancerous activity but it has high cell toxicity also, which limits its direct application in health care. While GO is reported for its mild anti-cancer activity but good biocompatibility. Addition of GO offer biocompatibility and lesser the toxicity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles while maintaining its anti-cancerous activity. Here, synergistic effect of GO and Co3O4 generate anti-cancerous activities by producing ROS which results in increased oxidative stress, damaging mitochondria, damaging DNA and finally death of cancer cell. This is the first study of using Co3O4/GO nanocomposite as anti-cancerous agents where results suggested that the nanocomposite shows significant cytotoxic effect and can be used as an alternative source for tumour or cancer treatment. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying cytotoxic effect of Co3O4/GO nanocomposites needs to be studied. This study can play an important role for its applications as cancer treatment and medicals etc.
Graphene oxide functionalized with cobalt ferrites applied to the removal of bisphenol A: ionic study, reuse capacity and desorption kinetics
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Yasmin Jaqueline Fachina, Murilo Barbosa de Andrade, Ana Carolina Sestito Guerra, Tássia Rhuna Tonial dos Santos, Rosângela Bergamasco, Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo Vieira
The combination of GO with other nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, can result in several nanocomposites with immense applications [25]. Iron oxide nanoparticles are considered a great form of GO functionalization due to its excellent ability to interact with external magnetic fields, which facilitates the separation of the adsorbent material from the treated solution after the process [26]. In addition, improves the contact area between adsorbates and adsorbents and allows the recycling of adsorbent material [27]. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have gained a lot of attention due to their wide application areas such as in photocatalysis, supercapacitors and magnetic materials [28]. Recently, it has also been incorporated in the synthesis of new adsorbents to remove contaminants from the aquatic environment [29, 30].
Synthesis and characterizations of zinc-doped cobalt oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial and antifungal activities
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
M. Mayakannan, S. Prabakar, E. Vinoth
Nanostructure materials with the size of 1 to 100 nm have attracted considerable interest in recent years.[1] In particular, the cobalt oxide nanoparticles spinel structure has important application in various fields such as gas sensor, supercapacitor, electrochemical device, and photocatalytic activity.[2–6] In the last few decades, zinc sulfate used for photocatalyst in the removal of dyes and organic pollutants removal wastewater treatment.[7,8] The ZnCo2O4 was synthesized using various methods such as combustion,[9] solvothermal,[10] electrospinning,[11] hydrothermal methods,[12] chemical vapor deposition method,[13] and hydrothermal method.[14,15]