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Thermal Characterization of Composites
Published in Amit Sachdeva, Pramod Kumar Singh, Hee Woo Rhee, Composite Materials, 2021
Thermal analysis or thermal characterization refers to the set of multicomponent techniques carried out to check material consistency and properties by measuring the changes in physical and/or reactive phenomena as a function of time and temperature when a sample is exposed to a controlled temperature program. Before using a manufactured composite or material, it is essential to check its durability and adaptability.[Paul Gabbort] Thermal analysis enables the user and manufacturer to look for possible issues, helps understand the material for its further development, guides the engineer in their selection of an optimized process for a tailor-made composite, and also suggests a suitable end use based on performance in the analysis. Thermal characterization is a primary analysis technique for composites that bridges the gap between manufacturing and the end use. [Brown, 1998]
Durability of Polymer-Modified Bituminous Roofing Membranes
Published in Christer Sjöström, Durability of Building Materials and Components 7, 2018
Thermal analysis enables the characterization of materials by temperature related physical and chemical changes. Thermal analysis is more advantageous than the conventional tests, because it can be performed quickly over a wide temperature range. From the test data, several chemical and physical properties can be estimated as well as mechanical properties. Some thermal analysis techniques, e.g. TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis), have been used for the study of single-ply roofing materials [29,31]. Glass transition, crystallinity, crosslinking, and phase separation are typical characteristics obtained by thermal analysis. Using DMA, the changes in dynamic mechanical properties can be observed to study the degradation of polymers.
Advances in the Processing and Fabrication of Bioinspired Materials and Implications by Way of Applications
Published in T. S. Srivatsan, T. S. Sudarshan, K. Manigandan, Manufacturing Techniques for Materials, 2018
Lakshminath Kundanati, Nicola M. Pugno
Bioinspired fabrication recedes the steps of identification and characterization of a biological material with a property or function of interest (Figure 6.2). Material characterization involves understanding its structure–property–function relationship. This step being a crucial one, it can be accompanied with multiscale modeling to understand experimental findings. Modeling adds the additional capability to understand interactions of the building blocks in space and time during their performance, using fundamental interactions at all length scales. Modeling procedures would also need validation from both experimental and theoretical approaches. After determination of structure–property relationships, the material constituents that comply with the possible fabrication route are selected. Selection of materials involves choosing a material depending on the physical attributes in terms of size, shape, and microstructure, and their chemical attributes like surface properties and composition. This is a challenging task because most of the biological materials are built with elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, and so on, whereas most of the engineering materials are fabricated using elements such as iron, chromium, aluminum, magnesium, copper, nickel, and so on.
A computational technique for thermal analysis in coaxial cylinder of one-dimensional flow of fractional Oldroyd-B nanofluid
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
The thermal analysts have raised issues concerned with heat transfer analysis subject to excessive thermal stresses and overheating, depending upon temperature gradient and temperature distribution. This is because, thermal analysts require good thermal assessments based on an empirical analysis, heat capacities, experimental searches, efficient thermal modelling and thermal specifications. From applications point of view, the characterisation of thermal analytical techniques simply measures the change of a specific property of a material as a function of temperature. Common materials include polymers and ceramics, foods and pharmaceuticals, organic and inorganic compounds, electronic and biological materials and a few others. That's why, outsourcing thermal analysis makes them keep their manufacturing costs in control; it can be found in recent attempts such as Choi (1995), Sheikholeslami et al. (2015), Kashif, Memon, and Siyal (2020a, 2020b), Rashidi, Abelman, and Freidooni (2013), Abro (2020a, 2020b), Umar et al. (2017a, 2017b), Kashif, Mukarrum, and Mirza (2017), Umar et al. (2017a, 2017b), Lohana, Kashif, and Abdul (2020).
Evaluation of the state of practice asphalt binder and mixture tests for assessing the compatibility of complex asphalt materials
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2023
Runhua Zhang, Eshan V. Dave, Jo E. Sias, Hassan A. Tabatabaee, Tony Sylvester, Zheng Wang
A comprehensive literature review has been conducted using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to collect and summarise the available methods that could be used to evaluate the compatibility of complex binder blends in both the field of asphalt materials and organic chemistry/polymer science (Zhang et al., 2022). These available methods can be generally divided into four categories based on their testing procedure and evaluation purposes: (1) analytical methods; (2) microscopy technique; (3) thermal property characterisation and (4) binder mechanical performance tests. The analytical methods including the saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) fractionation/separation, chromatography analysis and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer analysis have been used by many studies to evaluate the chemical/componential structure of the binder blend for direct measures of the compatibility between blend components for study materials (Mansourkhaki et al., 2020; Paliukaite et al., 2014), while the microscopy techniques including the ultraviolet, infrared microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been employed to micro-structurally investigate the phase dispersion/miscibility of the blend components as a way to virtually evaluate the compatibility (Liang et al., 2019). The thermal property characterisation methods, specifically the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, have been shown to differentiate compatible and incompatible binders based on the measured glass transition regions/temperatures (Kriz & Zanzotto, 2008; Paliukaite et al., 2014; Tabatabaee & Sylvester, 2021; Tabatabaee et al., 2021). In addition to binder rheological measurements, the double-edge-notched tension (DENT) test, linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test have been used as indirect measures of compatibility of the binder blend (Hesp et al., 2009; Johnson & Hesp, 2014; Morea et al., 2012). The details and examples of these methods are discussed in Zhang et al. (2020).