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Mechanical Characterization Techniques for Composite Materials
Published in Amit Sachdeva, Pramod Kumar Singh, Hee Woo Rhee, Composite Materials, 2021
Partha Pratim Das, Vijay Chaudhary
The strength, rigidity, and resilience of polymer composites is important to evaluate. All mechanical characterization services meet standardizations and common requirements. Mechanical testing includes tensile, flexural, and impact properties, giving a simple insight into the ability of materials to withstand sudden failure under the load or stress applied [20]. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the polymer composite materials depend on the quality of the fiber and polymer and the interfacial bond between the fiber and the matrix. This chapter covers various technical examinations available.
Introduction
Published in Michelle L. Oyen, Handbook of Nanoindentation with biological applications, 2019
Tamaryn A.V. Shean, Michelle L. Oyen, Michael F. Ashby
Nanoindentation has emerged as a leading technique for characterizing the mechanical behavior of engineering materials, and is emerging as an increasingly popular technique for the study of biological and biomimetic materials. Traditional mechanical testing, such as a tensile test, involves the gripping of a sample with an approximately constant cross-sectional area (A0) and pulling (or pushing in compression) in a direction perpendicular to the cross-section. A large volume V of material is loaded during this type of test, equal to the product of the sample gage length (l0) and A0; V is similar in magnitude to the total sample volume V0 (less only the gripped region). In contrast, in contact mechanical testing a probe with known or calibrated shape is brought down onto a flat surface of material. The total sample volume V0 can be substantially larger than the volume of material mechanically tested, V (Fig. 1-3). Thus, while a tensile test averages the mechanical response over the whole sample, a contact test measures local behavior over a contact diameter of 2a. Contact mechanical testing has become popular for examining local variations in mechanical behavior because of this small ratio of V/V0. Indentation testing at very small length scales has been frequently referred to as “nanoindentation” although in reality it ranges from true nanoindentation to microindentation (Fig. 1-2).
Development of Test Facility and Test Setup
Published in Sashi Kanta Panigrahi, Niranjan Sarangi, Aero Engine Combustor Casing, 2017
Sashi Kanta Panigrahi, Niranjan Sarangi
“Mechanical testing” is a general term which refers to a broad range of activities involved with the determination and evaluation of mechanical properties and the behavior of material, structural components, and machines [104]. It is the process of applying forces, pressures, displacements, torque, or heat to a component or mechanical system and then measuring its response. The objective is to characterize the behavior of the component or the system, either in order to obtain assurance of the performance, or to verify its structural integrity. Mechanical testing is generally carried out to verify the overall performance of a mechanical system or a structural member. On the other hand, mechanical testing is used to verify the appropriateness or accuracy of a particular concept or theory. In this case, the testing is usually conducted on a simplified component or model that may actually bear no outward resemblance to a practical design. Sometimes, mechanical tests are carried out to characterize the mechanical properties of a new material.
Sinter-swage processing of an Al-Si-Mg-Cu powder metallurgy alloy
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2022
M. F. Wilson, I. W. Donaldson, D. P. Bishop
Mechanical testing included the measurement of hardness, tensile properties and bending fatigue performance. Hardness data were acquired using a Wilson Rockwell 2000 tester in Rockwell Hardness E-scale (HRE) and Rockwell Hardness B-scale (HRB). Reported values were taken as the average of four measurements. Tensile properties were assessed in accordance with ASTM Standard E8-M[23]. Here, swaged rods and Charpy bars were machined into threaded-end tensile specimen and then loaded to fracture with an Instron 5594–200 HVL load frame, equipped with a 50kN load cell and an Epsilon model 3542 extensometer. The extensometer remained attached to each sample through to failure. Reported tensile properties for T6 and T8 samples were averaged values derived from three and two test samples respectively. Bending fatigue properties were assessed per MPIF Standard 56 [24], through application of a staircase method, under a 3-point loading condition and with a 5 MPa step size. All samples were rectangular (31.7 mm × 12.7 mm × 9.7 mm) and were tested using an Instron 1332 servo-hydraulic frame equipped with an MTS 642 bend fixture that maintained a 24.7 mm span between the two bottom pins. Loading was applied at 25 Hz (R = 0.1) to a runout limit of 106 cycles. The 10%, 50% and 90% survival stress values were then calculated from the resultant data.
Durability study of reinforced polyester composite used as pipe lining under artificial aging conditions
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
Parastou Kharazmi, Folke Björk
Mechanical analysis is the most fundamental testing to study materials’ properties. Mechanical testing in this work took the form of flexural testing (three-point bending) according to International Standards, ISO 178 (2001); this is a test method used for the determination of flexural properties, including flexural modulus and flexural strength. An Intron tensile machine equipped with a three-point bending fixture was used. The cross-head speed was 2 mm/min, and the load cell was 500 N. Test specimens were cut from the aged liner sheets in the shape of a beam and the dimensions were entered manually into the machine. Testing was performed at room temperature.
Wear studies on carbon fiber nano SiC composites – a Grey-Taguchi method optimization
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2020
The carbon fiber nanocomposites used in the present work was fabricated by hand lay method. The detailed procedure about the fabrication of carbon fiber nanocomposites was given in Premnath (2018). Mechanical testing such as tensile and compression test is performed. The tensile strength was performed using the universal testing machine by applying a load of 100 KN as per ASTM D638. The compression test was carried out on UTM by applying a load of 400KN.