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Nonadamantine Semiconductors and Variable-Composition Semiconductor Phases
Published in Lev I. Berger, Semiconductor Materials, 2020
The binary compounds of the VIIIA-group elements exist in nature as minerals arseno-ferrite (ldllingite), FeAs2; hematite, Fe2O3; magnetite, Fe3O4; pinhotite (troilite), FeS; pyrite (marcasite), FeS2; greigite, Fe3S4; ferroselite, FeSej-, ffohbergite, FeTe^ safflorite (Co-safflo-rite), CoAsj; Fe-, Co-, and Ni-skutterudites, FeAs3, CoAs3, and NiAs,; linneaite, Co3S4; cattierite, CoS3; trogtalite, CoSe2; niccolite, NiAs; rammelsbergite (pararammelsbergite), NiAs2; millerite (beyrichite), NiS; violarite (vaesite), NiS2; poly dy mite, Ni3S4; heazelwoodite, Ni3S2; melonite, NiTe2; laurite, RuS2; spenylite, PtAs2; cooperite, Pt(As,S)2; and some other pnictides, oxides, and chalcogenides. The basic chemical and crystallographic parameters of the compounds are gathered in Table 7.28; their thermal and thermochemical properties are compiled in Table 7.29.
Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Name Brookite Brucite Bunsenite Bustamite Cadmium telluride Calcite Calomel Carbonate-apatite Carbon (diamond) Carbon (graphite) Cassiterite Cattierite Celsian Chalcocite Chalcopyrite Chlorapatite Chloritoid Chloromagnesite Chondrodite Cinnabar Claudetite Clausthalite Clinoenstatite Clinoferrosilite Clinohumite Clinozoisite Cobaltite Cobalt(II) oxide Cobalt(II) sulfide Cobalt(II) titanate Coesite Coffinite Colemanite Coloradoite Copper Fe-Cordierite Corundum Cotunnite Covellite Cristobalite () Cristobalite () Cryolite Cubanite Cummingtonite Cuprite Danburite Datolite Daubreeite Diaspore Dickite Digenite Diopside Dioptase Dolerophanite Dolomite Dravite Elbaite Enargite Formula Crystal system orthorhombic hexagonal cubic triclinic cubic rhombohedral tetragonal hexagonal cubic hexagonal tetragonal cubic monoclinic orthorhombic tetragonal hexagonal monoclinic rhombohedral monoclinic hexagonal monoclinic cubic monoclinic monoclinic monoclinic monoclinic cubic cubic cubic rhombohedral monoclinic tetragonal monoclinic cubic cubic orthorhombic rhombohedral orthorhombic hexagonal tetragonal cubic monoclinic orthorhombic monoclinic cubic orthorhombic monoclinic cubic orthorhombic monoclinic cubic monoclinic rhombohedral monoclinic rhombohedral rhombohedral rhombohedral orthorhombic Structure type cadmium iodide rock salt sphalerite calcite apatite diamond graphite rutile pyrite Z a/Å 5.456 3.147 4.177 7.736 6.4805 4.9899 4.478 9.436 3.5670 2.4612 4.738 5.5345 8.627 11.881 5.2988 9.629 9.48 3.632 7.89 4.149 5.339 6.1255 9.620 9.7085 13.68 8.887 5.60 4.260 5.339 5.066 7.152 6.995 8.743 6.4600 3.6150 9.726 4.7591 4.535 3.792 4.971 7.1382 5.40 6.46 9.522 4.2696 8.04 9.62 9.966 4.401 5.150 5.5695 9.743 14.61 8.334 4.8079 15.942 15.842 6.426
Controls on cobalt and nickel distribution in hydrothermal sulphide deposits in Bergslagen, Sweden - constraints from solubility modelling
Published in GFF, 2020
The solubility fields for both Co and Ni sulphide minerals (cattierite, linnaeite and Co-pentlandite for Co, and bensienite, millerite and heazlewoodite for Ni) expand significantly in oxidized fluids in equilibrium with hematite. Under these conditions, transport of Co and Ni is possible even in near-neutral fluids in equilibrium with calcite and K-feldspar. Still, whereas Co is soluble at any pH at 150° C, Ni is insoluble at pH above 7. Deposition of Co and Ni sulphides under near-neutral conditions could result from a decrease in log ƒO2, triggering reduction of brine SO42- or by mixing with externally derived H2S.
A Comprehensive Review on Cobalt Bioleaching from Primary and Tailings Sources
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2023
Alex Kwasi Saim, Francis Kwaku Darteh
Cobalt is extracted from a number of primary sulfide minerals, mainly carrollite (CuCo2S4), linnaeite (Co3S4) and cattierite (CoS2). Carrollite has been used in most of the studies to date on the bioleaching of these primary Co sulfide deposits. To offer proof of the interaction pattern between carrollite and microorganisms, bioleaching of high purity carrollite minerals with a mesophilic bacteria consortium was monitored using SEM/EDS analysis (Nkulu et al. 2015; Nkulu, Gaydardzhiev, and Mwema 2013). SEM examinations of pure carrollite revealed a gradual bacteria colonization of the mineral surface with time in the Co bioleaching process. However, it is revealed that the oxidation product layer (mainly composed of jarosite) formed on the surface of carrollite during bioleaching gradually increases, and the layer thickness can reach over 6 μm (Liu et al. 2017). According to Chen et al., cooperative bioleaching, including oxidation, generated by the bacteria adhered to the surface and Fe3+ re-oxidized by bacteria in suspension, was thought to be the driving force behind carrollite dissolution. From their study, 96.51% of Co was recovered from a low grade refractory carrollite after direct oxidation for 6 days at a pulp density of 10% (Chen et al. 2013). Activated carbon and surfactants have been shown to greatly increase the dissolution rate of carrollite, either independently or in combination (Liu et al. 2014, 2015a). Given the widespread presence of carrollite in key areas such as the Katanga polymetallic deposits, there is a significant motivation to make bioleaching a financially viable alternative for Co extraction. However, the bioleaching processes of carrollite must be better understood since the rate and degree of carrollite bioleaching can be crucial in Co extraction.