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Dynamic programming for mining systems
Published in Amit Kumar Gorai, Snehamoy Chatterjee, Optimization Techniques and their Applications to Mine Systems, 2023
Amit Kumar Gorai, Snehamoy Chatterjee
The case study was carried out to calculate the ultimate pit limit of a copper-cobalt mine using dynamic programming. The mine is located in Central Africa. The deposit is a stratiform copper-cobalt deposit. Two principal stratiform mineralized horizons are responsible for creating this orebody. The deposit can be followed on the surface for approx. 1400 m and to a maximum vertical depth of 250 m. The deposit dips 30o–45o, but near the surface, the deposit folds on itself. The footwall consists of breccia and cuts across the orebody. The main orebody consists of Oxide, Mixed, and Sulphide body. The primary copper mineral is chalcopyrite.
Chemistry of Acid Mine Drainage Formation
Published in Geoffrey S. Simate, Sehliselo Ndlovu, Acid Mine Drainage, 2021
Chalcopyrite is the most important copper-bearing ore mineral (Vaughan et al., 1995), comprising approximately 70% of copper reserves in the world (Baba et al., 2012). It is a mineral predominantly found in igneous and metamorphic rock and in metalliferous veins (Baba et al. 2012; McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia, 1998). Chalcopyrite is a mineral with a brassy to golden yellow colour (Baba et al., 2012; Mamedov et al., 2012). It contains several minerals including copper, zinc, sulphur, and iron that were produced at different times (Baba et al., 2012).
Minerals
Published in F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas, A Geology for Engineers, 2017
F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas
Chalcopyrite may contain 34% Cu and is the principal commercial source of copper. It is mainly formed in association with igneous rocks especially during the late stages of intrusion when Cu rich hydrothermal fluids permeate the cooling magma and surrounding country-rock (see p. 109). Important deposits occur world-wide but especially in fold belts, e.g. Norway (Caledonian), Cornwall, Rio Tinto in Spain (Hercynian), western America (from Alaska to California) and in Japan. Crystals are tetragonal but cleavage is poor and the mineral normally occurs in a massive state.
Effective Flotation Separation of Chalcopyrite and Graphite Using Eco-Friendly Xanthan Gum as Depressant
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2023
Ming Zhang, Congzhong Tian, Jing Ding, Xiaoxing Shi, Lan Qiu, Wei Yao, Rong Fan
Chalcopyrite, the most important and major source of copper (Haldar 2017), is often found in association with carbonaceous materials such as graphite in sediment-hosted copper deposits. For example, mineralogical studies of copper sulfide ores from Mount Isa, Australia, by Saxby and Stephens (1973) revealed the existence of carbonaceous matter with a graphitic structure within the orebody. Since graphite is naturally hydrophobic and floatable (Chehreh Chelgani et al. 2016), the grade of copper sulfide flotation concentrates can be easily compromised by its presence. Consequently, the downstream smelting yield of these graphite contaminated copper concentrates is poor with high greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions (Chimonyo, Fletcher, and Peng 2020). To tackle this problem, pre-flotation of carbon is sometimes utilized to remove carbonaceous matter prior to the conventional flotation of the sulfide minerals. However, this method suffers from low selectivity against valuable sulfide minerals, poor carbon recovery and high reagents consumption (Gredelj, Zanin, and Grano 2009).
Investigation of Copper Recovery from a New Copper Deposit (Nussir) in Northern Norway
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2019
Priyanka Dhar, Maria Thornhill, Hanumantha Rao Kota
The Nussir ore primarily contains three copper minerals: chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and bornite. The undesirable minerals are predominantly silicates and carbonates. Chalcopyrite is one of the abundant commercial sources of copper. However, chalcocite and bornite are also major copper minerals with higher percentages of copper. This study aims to find the possible reasons of copper losses to tail or dilution in the concentrate as a support to improve the metallurgy of the flotation circuits for the Nussir ore. The amounts of main minerals and mineral associations were size-by-size quantified by Zeiss mineralogic analysis and XRF analysis. Bench scale flotation tests were performed simultaneously in order to investigate the influence of residence time, collector concentration, and pH on flotation performance. The role of xanthate is also assessed with zeta potential and Hallimond flotation studies with respect to pH and xanthate concentration.
A Comparative Kinetic Study of Chalcopyrite Leaching Using Alternative Oxidants in Methanesulfonic Acid System
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Junmo Ahn, Jiajia Wu, Jaeheon Lee
Chalcopyrite is a primary sulfide copper mineral, which is one of the major copper resources around the world (Chen and Wen 2013; Panda et al. 2013). A conventional processing method for the primary copper sulfide is to make a copper concentrate followed by smelting and electrorefining. However, pyrometallurgical process is discouraged from processing especially low-grade sulfide ores due to the environmental concerns of toxic gases, high energy input, and extremely expensive capital cost (Elamari et al. 2000; Habashi 2017; Lundström, Aromaa and Forsén 2009).