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Nanomagnetic Materials
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Sanjay R. Mishra, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Fundamentals of Low Dimensional Magnets, 2023
P. Maneesha, Suresh Chandra Baral, E. G. Rini, Somaditya Sen
The sulfides and selenides of metals fall into a general category of materials commonly termed metal chalcogenides. While MnS and MnSe NPs are paramagnetic [10], CdS and CdSe reveal ferromagnetism. Nickel sulfide exhibits various phases, such as NiS, Ni3S2, NiS2, Ni3S4, Ni7S10, and Ni9S8 [11]. So, it is still a challenge to obtain a proper morphology with pure nickel sulfide. Most binary metal sulfide nanostructures have been synthesized based on the Kirkendall effect. This effect includes the vacancy diffusion, which occurs due to the mutual diffusion of two metals through an interface. Depending on the metal-to-chalcogen (M:X) ratio, the structural and magnetic properties of TM chalcogenides with layered crystal structures are defined. Among these Fe-intercalated titanium dichalcogenides, FeyTiX2 and (Fe)7X8 compounds are of great importance. Most of these 2D transition metal chalcogenides are intrinsically nonmagnetic. Hence, research is going on for introducing intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in these materials. Various strategies can be used to attain this ferromagnetism, such as defect engineering, doping with transition metal elements, and phase transfer. Experimental conditions, such as nucleation temperature, ion irradiation dose, doping amount, and phase ratio, can also induce ferromagnetic ordering.
Metal Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Nickel refining workers have had increased mortality rates from cancers of the lungs and nasal cavities, attributed to exposure to nickel compounds with low aqueous solubilities, such as nickel sulfide and nickel oxide. Increased risks of other malignant tumors, including cancers of the larynx, kidney, prostate, or stomach have been noted in some refinery workers.
Metals
Published in Ronald M. Scott, in the WORKPLACE, 2020
Hazardous exposure to fumes and dusts has occurred during high-temperature processing of nickel sulfide ores into nickel oxide, resulting in nasal and lung cancer. Not all ore sources seem to present this threat. Nickel carbonyl is a very toxic gas, causing a hemorrhagic pneumonia.
Effect of molar concentration on the physical properties of NiS thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis method for supercapacitors
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Abdelouahab Gahtar, Said Benramache, Abdelkader Ammari, Abdelwaheb Boukhachem, Aicha Ziouche
Nickel sulfide (NiS) is one of the most attractive materials due to its high electron mobility, a high reflection in the infrared range, an ease of production, and low toxicity. As one of the main classes of transition metals, Chalcogénures, nickel sulfides exists in different phases, such as NiS, NiS2, Ni3S2, Ni7S6, and Ni9S8. Among these phases, NiS exhibits an excellent capacity performance, high redox activity, which should satisfy the growing need of energy storage systems.[1] This material is an important and challenging material for scientists. In general, NiS exists in two phases, hexagonal and rhombohedral;[2] both phases exhibit many applications. Different methods such as: spray-pyrolysis,[3] chemical bath deposition (CBD),[4] hydrothermal,[5] Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR),[6] thermal evaporation,[7] electro-deposition,[8] and sol-gel,[9] have been used to deposit NiS thin films. Given the importance of thin films in industrial production, an easy and inexpensive method should be sought among these methods. The spray-pyrolysis technique has proven to be effective, since it did not require advanced technology and complex devices. The films deposited via this technique are characterized by their strong adhesion to the substrate, the ability to prepare a film with surfaces relatively large and the ability to obtain films with the required specifications, which is done by mixing a solution of two or more materials and changing the proportions involved in the composition of the film. In this article, we describe the preparation procedure, experimental details and the technique used for the synthesis of NiS films. The effect of precursor concentration on the physical properties of the samples will be discussed.