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Determinative Techniques to Measure Organics and Inorganics
Published in Paul R. Loconto, Trace Environmental Quantitative Analysis, 2020
Liquids are injected first into a nebulizer, which produces an aerosol spray into a spray chamber. Large droplets and condensate are removed in the spray chamber, and the fine aerosol particles are transported by the flowing Ar gas into the ICP torch. The spray chamber is similar to the desolvation chamber used with the particle beam LC interface … Efficiencies of transport of analytes from the sample to the ICP torch are only in the 1–5% range. If a low flow rate separation column is used, for example, a microbore LC column or CE column, a supplemental flow of liquid into the nebulizer can be used or the spray chamber can be by-passed and the nebulizer spray injected directly into the ICP torch.
Radioactive Aerosol Control and Decontamination in the Decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
Avadhesh Kumar Sharma, Hui Liang, Ruicong Xu, Erdal Ozdemir, Shuichiro Miwa, Ryohei Terabayashi, Shunichi Suzuki, Marco Pellegrini, Shuichi Hasegawa, Nejdet Erkan
The mist generation system includes an ultrasonic mist generator (model: MZJH30 from Japan Yamazen Company). It can be used to generate submicron water mist and then disperse the mist into the vessel. Mist size distributions are illustrated in Fig. 6. The peak levels of the low and high mist concentrations are 12 566.82 and 18 922.43 P/cm3, respectively. For both mist concentrations, most of the mist particle diameters are in the range of 0.4 to 0.9 μm with a peak at Dmist = 0.675 μm. In addition, some large mist particles exist with diameters in the range of 2 to 10 μm. After dispersing the aerosol particles and mist into the vessel, they move randomly within the vessel until colliding with each other and aggregating into large-size particle clusters. By comparing the aerosol removal performance of the experimental cases without mist and with mist at different concentration levels, the performance of the proposed agglomeration method could be verified and the effects of mist concentration on the degree of aerosol spray scavenging efficiency could also be investigated.
Design and experimental setup of a new concept of an aerosol-on-demand print head
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2022
Ingo Sieber, David Zeltner, Martin Ungerer, Achim Wenka, Tim Walter, Ulrich Gengenbach
The focus of this article is on modeling, fluid dynamic simulation, and design optimization of the print head. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, a design-for-fabrication of a laboratory setup was developed. Based on the laboratory setup, measurements were conducted which validate the main functions of our new concept. In particular, the focusing of the aerosol to about 1/7 of the spread of the non-focused aerosol spray confirms the function of the new concept of an aerosol jet-on-demand print head. Organization of this article is as follows: Section 2 addresses the CFD simulations and the design of the print head. In Section 3, first characterization experiments are reported and finally the article concludes with a discussion of the newly developed principle and initial experimental results, and an outlook on next developments.
Aerobic in-vessel co-composting of dewatered sewage sludge with mixed municipal wastes under subhumid and semiarid atmospheric conditions
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
M Vasudevan, K Karthika, S Gowthaman, K Karthick, P Balaganesh, S M Suneeeth Kumar, N Natarajan
By virtue of the salient features of the study area, minimum precautions were necessary to simulate the capricious climatic conditions, especially during the confluence of winter and spring seasons. As evident from the field observations, apart from the temporal variations, the amplitude of stationary perturbations is assumed to be minimal, and the zonal current is presumed to prevail uniformly in the downward direction. This could substantiate the selection of the location of compost bins (Figure 2). The distorted aerosol spray distribution in the downward direction was observed to be reaching about 4.5–6.5 m away from the aeration tank wall, making the compost bins sufficiently humid. In addition, to maintain in-vessel moisture, it could also serve as an auxiliary source of active microorganisms for composting (Albrecht et al. 2007; Mouli, Mohan, and Reddy 2005; Pearson et al. 2015). Heavy emissions of VOCs, especially oxygenated compounds were reported from composting facilities during the winter season with less variation in wind flow pattern (Mustafa et al. 2017). The observations are in general agreement with the results from literature about the positive correlation between wind speed and extent of bioaerosol transport (Mouli, Mohan, and Reddy 2005).