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Ultraviolet radiation dosimetry
Published in Indra J. Das, Radiochromic Film, 2017
Martin Butson, Samara Alzaidi, Mamoon Haque
UV radiation produced by the Sun or solar UV is the single most significant source of UV radiation and can reach a person on the ground from three sources, directly from the sun, scattered from the open sky, and reflected from the environment [42]. The level of UV is strongly dependent on many factors that include place on earth, time of day, humidity, pollution level, and season [43]. An example of the average incident levels around the world is shown in Table 20.1 that reports average UV index values per month. The UV index is an international standard measurement of the strength of sunburn-producing UV radiation at a particular place and time. The calculations are weighted in favor of the UV wavelengths to which human skin is most sensitive, according to the CIE-standard McKinlay-Diffey erythemal action spectrum [44].
Assessment of occupational exposure to heat stress and solar ultraviolet radiation among groundskeepers in an eastern North Carolina university setting
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2018
Nicole Beck, Jo Anne G. Balanay, Terri Johnson
UV radiation monitoring was conducted in the same sampling locations as the heat stress monitoring. A digital handheld UV meter (Solarmeter® Model 7.5, Solar Light Co., Inc., Glenside, PA), with spectral response close to the erythemal action spectrum, was used to measure effective irradiance, UVeff (mW/cm2), of the area's UV index by holding the meter at a height of 3.5 ft from the ground. The UVeff indices were recorded at 10-min intervals for 30-min periods (n = 4 per period) that end at three different times of the day: 9 AM (morning), 12 PM (noon), and 3 PM (afternoon). Daily monitoring was conducted during the summer (August 2015, June 2016), fall (September to November 2015), and spring seasons (March to May 2016). A total of 1,597 UVeff indices (n = 458 for summer, n = 510 for fall, n = 629 for spring) were collected during 134 monitoring days throughout the entire study period (Table 1). An activity card was filled out by the investigator for each sampling day to note the location monitored (i.e., outdoor in the sun, outdoor in the shade), weather, task performed, and personal protective equipment (PPE) used by the groundskeeper (if present during monitoring). The average (n = 4) UVeff indices were calculated for each time period of the day (morning, noon, and afternoon) and compared to the ACGIH TLVs for the UV radiation effective irradiance for different daily exposure durations.[40] The maximum exposure time (Tmax, s) for each average UVeff index was also calculated using the following equation where UVeff is the effective irradiance of UV radiation:[40]
Comparison between EPA UV index app and UV monitor to assess risk for solar ultraviolet radiation exposure in agricultural settings in Eastern North Carolina
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2020
Danielle Dillane, Jo Anne G. Balanay
Other sources of UV exposure information include forecasts of the Global Solar UV Index (UVI) provided by several national meteorological services, such as the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS 2020). The UVI is readily available to employers from publicly broadcasted weather forecasts, serving as a useful tool to assess UV exposure risk of outdoor workers. A few studies estimated the occupational UV exposure of outdoor workers using UV data from meteorological satellites or land-based stations (Boniol et al. 2015; Arjona et al. 2016).