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Visual Inspection of Tissues with Certain Endoscopes and Other Optical Devices
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
There are three major categories of skin cancer: (1) melanoma, (2) squamous cell carcinoma, derived from malignant keratinocytes, and (3) basal cell carcinoma, derived from malignant basal keratinocytes (WebMD 2014). According to the Skin Cancer Foundation (2015), skin cancer of various types affects ∼5 million persons in the United States per year. In 2006, 3.5 million cases were diagnosed in 2.2 million people. An estimated 73,870 new cases of invasive melanoma were diagnosed in the United States in 2015. An estimated 9940 persons died of melanoma in 2015. Melanoma accounts for less than 2% of skin cancer cases, but the vast majority of skin cancer deaths.
Atmospheric Effects
Published in Wayne T. Davis, Joshua S. Fu, Thad Godish, Air Quality, 2021
Wayne T. Davis, Joshua S. Fu, Thad Godish
Significant short-term and long-term environmental exposures to DUV may cause sunburn, cataracts, or skin cancer. There are three basic forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Carcinoma-type skin cancers have clearly been demonstrated to be associated with exposure to sunlight, with the greatest prevalence observed among light-complected individuals living in so-called sunbelt latitudes in North America. Skin carcinomas, fortunately, are the least life-threatening of all forms of cancer, with a mortality rate of less than 5%. Because tumors must be surgically removed, skin cancers are often disfiguring.
Need for Medical Imaging and Its Modalities
Published in V. Rajinikanth, K. Kamalanand, C. Emmanuel, B. Thayumanavan, Biomedical Signal and Image Examination With Entropy-Based Techniques, 2020
V. Rajinikanth, K. Kamalanand, C. Emmanuel, B. Thayumanavan
Clinical level assessment of the skin-melanoma is presented in Figure 3.10. The general practice followed in diagnosing the skin level disease by means of the dermoscopy is depicted below. If the imaging procedure presents a suspicious result, then a biopsy is implemented to confirm the disease. If the skin cancer is confirmed, then the treatment is implemented to manage the spread of the cancer to other tissues and the contaminated skin segment is carefully removed by implementing the surgery.
ADTBO: Aquila driving training-based optimization with deep learning for skin cancer detection
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
Vadamodula Prasad, Emil Selvan G. S. R., Ramkumar M. P.
The repeated identification of lesions from dermoscopy image overcomes numerous complications owing to the complex lesion features and its shape. Melanoma, Benign Keratosis, Actinic Keratosis, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Melanocytic Nevus, Dermatofibroma and Vascular are the eight different types of skin cancer in which Melanoma is the harmful type of skin cancer causing severe damage to the skin and spreading to other areas of the body. Timely detection of skin cancer has been shown in studies to significantly reduce the death rate. Detecting skin cancer at an early stage is a tedious task for dermatologists, which motivates researchers to design a simplified and automatic skin cancer detector to detect skin cancer at an early stage, which can greatly assist dermatologists [4]. Melanoma is most commonly found on the behind of a person's lower limb and also it can occur anywhere on the human body. Moreover, individuals’ risk aspects for skin cancer illness have to be condensed by sensing it at an early stage. The detection of skin cancer in its primary stages can effect in a significant diminution in death. As a result, identifying and classifying this disease in its early stages is critical [3].
Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shweta Kumari, Prabhat Kumar Choudhary, Rahul Shukla, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
Diagnoses of skin cancer starts with a medical history, local examination of skin, dermatoscopy, high frequency ultrasonography and histopathological examination with surgical biopsy (Figure 3). Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive method, it refers to the examination of skin using skin surface microscopy (lens system) and a strong light source which is useful in distinguishing typical skin cancerous changes and is also called as ‘epiluminoscopy’ and ‘epiluminescent microscopy’. Dermatoscopy is mainly used for the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions. In, experienced hands, it is easier to diagnose melanoma. Dermatoscopy is helpful in diagnosing basal cell cancer in addition to skin inspection [31]. With both melanoma and non melanoma skin cancer, the diagnostic confirmation of a suspected lesion is done with the help of skin biopsy and histopathological examinations. The biopsy of the lesion is done by doing excision of 2–5 mm of healthy skin and is accomplished either using punch or shave biopsy. The treatment is decided on the basis of size and the anatomical site of the tumour.
An automated hybrid attention based deep convolutional capsule with weighted autoencoder approach for skin cancer classification
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
Skin cancer develops when a mutation occurs in the DNA of skin cells, and these skin cells tend to grow out of control, with the massive formation of cancer cells. Early diagnosis can help patients seek treatment and have a greater chance of recovery. But, many complications emerge in collecting diverse information such as position, skin lines, etc. Because of its non-invasiveness, much research has been conducted to present an accurate diagnosis approach. Segmentation is a widely carried process in skin cancer classification, but domain knowledge of diseases is highly required. Artificial intelligence (AI) based ML and DL techniques recently gained much attention towards researchers, especially in medical applications.