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Mobile Application-based Assistive System for Visually Impaired People: A Hassle-Free Shopping Support System
Published in S. Poonkuntran, Rajesh Kumar Dhanraj, Balamurugan Balusamy, Object Detection with Deep Learning Models, 2023
E. Ramanujam, M. Manikandakumar
A cataract is defined as a cloudy environment surrounding the lens of the eye [5]. As a result of the cataract, the light exchange pathway necessary for vision is blocked. The lens of the eye is located behind the iris and pupil and appears to be made of transparent material. The role of this lens is to help focus the images into the retina, which is generally behind the back layer of the eye. This will transmit all the observed images to the brain. Cataracts will cause vision to be blurred and dimmed because the natural light cannot be transmitted correctly through the lens toward the retina. Due to this, the eye protein may stagnate near the lens, which gradually leads to the formation of cloudy environments termed cataracts of the eye. Vision that becomes clouded, blurry, foggy, or filmy is a typical problem [6]. Nearsightedness in the elderly is the other form of cataract. It changes the color perception, concerns such as glare from oncoming headlights while driving at night, and glare issues throughout the day. Cataracts come in various forms such as nuclear sclerotic, cortical, posterior subcapsular, anterior subcapsular, congenital, traumatic, radiation, lamellar or zonular, posterior and anterior polar, and Christmas tree cataracts.
Gene Therapy for Retina and Eye Diseases
Published in Yashwant V. Pathak, Gene Delivery Systems, 2022
A cataract primarily causes visual impairment due to development of a cloudy or opaque area in the eye lens. The disease presents itself as blurry vision, increased sensitivity to lights, decreased sensitivity to colors, and difficulty seeing at night. It can be corrected by cataract surgery (51).
Computer-Aided Cataract Detection Using MLP and SVM
Published in Puneet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Jain, Dharminder Kumar, Artificial Intelligence and Global Society, 2021
Simran Agarwal, Manish Kumar, Sunil Kumar Jangir, Chandraprakash Sharma
Cataracts are usually diagnosed by ophthalmologists by directly using a slit-lamp microscope or clinicians by measuring the presence and extent of the cataract, contrasting its appearance in slit-lamp photos to a collection of standard reference photographs. These photographs come with cataract grading protocols such as the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) and the cataract grading system in Wisconsin. The work done in the past by many authors in the field to detect cataract apply modern ML and deep learning methodologies. They have given better results compared to traditional methods being used. The machine learning techniques such as random forest, naïve Bayes, and feature selection are applied as data mining for the prediction of cataract in the patient (Zhang et al., 2019). Similarly, improved Haar wavelets are introduced to classify cataracts and improve cataract identification accuracy up to 95% (Cao et al., 2020). Currently, various heuristic techniques are available that can be applied for various engineering or medical purposes (Kumar & Mishra, 2020). Various intelligent techniques are available today, which can be applied for cataract detection, and a few of them are listed in Table 10.1. It also presents a comparative study of the work done by different authors in different domains to obtain better results.
An Empirical Comparison between the Effects of Normal and Low Vision on Kinematics of a Mouse-Mediated Pointing Movement
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Yuenkeen Cheong, Chen Ling, Randa Shehab
There are numerous causes of low vision. In many cases, it is pathological. Low vision is often caused by conditions, such as macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (Kraut, 2000). These conditions can result in a host of vision problems. Macular degeneration is a condition caused by deterioration of the central part of the retina that is responsible for visual acuity in central visual field. Cataracts are caused by clouding of the lens. Common cataracts-related conditions include blurred and hazy vision in highly illuminated environments. Glaucoma is caused by pressure buildup inside the eye that damages the optic nerve, which in turn causes loss of peripheral vision. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by leakage in retinal blood vessels. Blurred vision and increased sensitivity to glare are common problems associated with diabetic retinopathy. Note that conditions listed above are not exhaustive; they are only a fraction of conditions associated with low vision.
Comparative analysis of measurements of the anterior segment and the axial length parameters of the eyeball obtained with optical and ultrasound technique
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Robert Mazur, Adam Wylegala, Edward Wylegala, Dariusz Dobrowolski
In this study, Bland-Altman analysis was performed to compare four ocular measuring devices. The study is highly useful in helping users to determine which platforms can be used interchangeably. Cataract surgery is one of the most performed and successful ophthalmic surgical procedures. Therefore, there have been many studies and research on measuring ocular biometry and calculating IOL power to achieve the desired postoperative refraction [1]. However, there is a lack of studies comparing modern devices with ultrasound-based method. In our study, we considered the measurements made with the IOL Master 500 as the gold standard and reference for comparison due to its prevalence and the presence of the device in the market for a long time. The IOL Master 500 has been previously compared with newer devices.
Current state of artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmology and their potential to influence clinical practice
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Dasharathraj K Shetty, Abhiroop Talasila, Swapna Shanbhag, Vathsala Patil, B.M Zeeshan Hameed, Nithesh Naik, Adithya Raju
A cataract is the excessive build-up of protein in the natural lens of the eye that leads to the opacification of the eye lens. Since this is an age-related phenomenon, it is common in older adults. Early detection and treatment at the appropriate stage can help in reducing the blindness caused by this condition. AI platforms using random forests and SVMs can accurately detect cataracts using fundus images. Ran et al. used an elaborate six-level cataract grading random forest based on the feature datasets generated by a DCNN (Long et al., 2017). The results show that random forests reduce the concussion of DCNN on smaller datasets and with an average accuracy of 90.69%. Long et al. classified and graded patients, with pediatric cataract using a CNN-based CAD framework (Almeida & De et al., 2015).