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Mucking, casting and excavation
Published in Ratan Raj Tatiya, Surface and Underground Excavations, 2013
Treaded or smooth tyres, with or without chains are fitted to LHD units. In a majority of mines traded tyres without chains are used because the chains have proved harmful due to their cutting actions under some circumstances. Average life of a tyre is 750-1000 hours. Retreading can be done more than eight times. Tyre cost is generally 10-20% of the total operating cost. Tyre wear is mainly due to poor road surfaces, wet conditions, excessive wheel spin, incorrect operating pressure and its general misuse which may be, sometimes, due to insufficient clearance from side walls.
Wheels and Tyres
Published in Andrew Livesey, Basic Motorsport Engineering, 2012
Most cars, and a large number of trucks and motorcycles, use tubeless tyres. That is, they do not have inner tubes; the tyre bead forms an airtight seal against the rim. Punctures in tubeless tyres can be repaired by inserting a special rubber plug into the hole. This must not be done on the tyre sidewall. The plug can be inserted without removing the tyre from the rim. High-speed tyres should only be plugged as a temporary repair and the vehicle should then be driven at a reduced speed.
Running gear
Published in Andrew Livesey, Practical Motorsport Engineering, 2019
Most cars, and a large number of trucks and motorcycles, use tubeless tyres. That is they do not have inner tubes – the tyre bead forms an airtight seal against the rim. Punctures in tubeless tyres can be repaired by inserting a special rubber plug into the hole. This must not be done on the tyre sidewall. The plug can be inserted without removing the tyre from the rim. High-speed tyres should only be plugged as a temporary repair and the vehicle driven at a reduced speed.
Adaptive event-triggered control for new type tyre systems based on vehicles
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2022
The tyres are one of the important parts of the vehicle. The traditional tyres have the following functions, supporting the mass of the vehicle, bearing the load of the vehicle, transferring traction and braking torque, which ensure adhesion between tyres and road surface. And the tyres can reduce and absorb the vibration and impact force of the vehicle when the auto is moving, such that prevent the auto parts from severe vibration and breakdown. Based on the Audi model background of Volkswagen Group, see Figure 1. The spherical tyre shows in Figure 2. The studied new type tyre systems are the magnetic levitation ball-type systems, which enables the tyre to be frictionless and noiseless. When the gravity is greater than the gravity of the ball, the ball is pulled up, so as to achieve levitation. Therefore, compared with the traditional tyres, the spherical tyre reduces greatly the noise while driving, and it is increasing the safety, handling the stability, comforting and the energy-saving economic of the vehicles.
A risk assessment model for traffic crashes problem using fuzzy logic: a case study of Zonguldak, Turkey
Published in Transportation Letters, 2022
Tires with excessive wear and low tread depth increase the braking distance, which increases the crash risk. It also causes the vehicle to skid on snowy, icy or wet roads. Tire care and tread depth should therefore be taken into consideration. Tires are the only connection between the vehicle and the road, and the tread depth and tire quality are vitally important. Vehicle keeps itself on the track only through the friction force between the tire and the road. Regulations in Turkey require the tires to be replaced when their tread depth falls below 1,6 mm. However, the tire manufacturers recommend replacing summer tires when the tread depth is under 3 mm and winter tires under 4 mm. Retreading is used in Turkey to reduce the cost of tire replacement in heavy machinery. This study focuses on the passenger cars and therefore retreading is not taken into consideration. Tire tread depth measurements were performed with a digital tire tread depth gauge. Three measurements were taken for each tire.”
Twist beam development at an early design stage: Effect of suspension and body characteristics on rear suspension durability
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2020
Guilherme Carneiro, Marco Túlio Anjos, Ernani Sales Palma
Another factor related to the force transmissibility is the tire pressure. Tire pressure is defined during development considering three factors: dynamic comfort, tire wear and fuel consumption. Tire pressure values may range from 28 to 40 Psi depending on vehicle class.Rear suspension torsional stiffness