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Adhesion Between Components of Elastomeric Composite Materials
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Elastomer Technology Handbook, 2020
Rubber cement is composed of dissolved elastomers and the compounding ingredients in a suitable solvent. Fibers are dipped into the solution, and the solvent is allowed to escape, after which the fibers are combined with the rubber compounds. Then the rubber compounds and rubber cement on the fibers adhere by crosslinking during vulcanization. This system is less desirable because of the environmental effect during the evaporation of solvent on heating.
VOC and trace gas measurements and ozone chemistry over the Chesapeake Bay during OWLETS-2, 2018
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2023
Joel Dreessen, Xinrong Ren, Daniel Gardner, Katherine Green, Phillip Stratton, John T. Sullivan, Ruben Delgado, Russ R. Dickerson, Michael Woodman, Tim Berkoff, Guillaume Gronoff, Allison Ring
Gasoline vapor also appeared to be primarily responsible for elevated hexane concentrations. Hexane was found in about 10% of household products in Korea, such as air freshener, disinfectant, furniture polish, and household sealants (Kwon et al. 2007) and has also been reported as a solvent to extract edible oils from seed and vegetable crops (e.g., soybeans, peanuts, corn), solvents for glues (rubber cement, adhesives), varnishes, and inks and as a cleaning agent (degreaser) in the printing industry (US EPA 2000). MDE permit-to-operate records include many hexane point sources in southern Baltimore City associated with gasoline storage facilities as the only significant hexane point sources in the study domain. However, mobile sources accounted for nearly 65% of hexane emissions in the 2017 NEI, of which nearly 90% was from light-duty non-diesel vehicles. Furthermore, hexane was primarily found in unburned whole gasoline from tailpipes or head space vapors in Lough et al. (2005). The amount of hexane and compounds such as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane was dependent on the seasonal mixture of gasoline. It was therefore likely most of VOC mass at HMI was reformulated “summer” gasoline vapor. This finding was largely consistent with findings by Henry (2013) who looked at coastal monitors in New England.