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List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
n-Heptane is a flammable liquid, present in crude oil and widely used in the automobile industry. For example, as a solvent, as a gasoline knock testing standard, as automotive starter fluid, and paraffinic naphtha. n-Heptane causes adverse health effects in occupational workers, such as CNS depression, skin irritation, and pain. Other compounds such as n-octane (CH3(CH2)6CH3), n-nonane (CH3(CH2)7CH3), and n-decane (CH3(CH2)8CH3) have different industrial applications. Occupational workers exposed to these compounds also show adverse health effects. In principle, management of these aliphatic compounds requires proper handling and disposal to avoid health problems and to maintain chemical safety standards for safety to workers and the living environment.
Measurements show that marginal wells are a disproportionate source of methane relative to production
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Jacob A. Deighton, Amy Townsend-Small, Sarah J. Sturmer, Jacob Hoschouer, Laura Heldman
Some VOCs and HAPs, like benzene and the other BTEX compounds, can lead to chronic diseases such as leukemia and other cancers, neurological damage, birth defects, and hearing loss (Garcia-Gonzalez et al. 2019; McKenzie et al. 2012). In this study, the most abundant HAPs measured were heptane and hexane. Inhalation of hexane, for example, can cause neuropathy and other neurological effects (US EPA 2013). Acute exposure of heptane can lead to dizziness, nausea, and dermatitis, among other symptoms (CDC 2018). Emissions of VOCs from marginal wells may also impact human health indirectly through the formation of tropospheric ozone (Pekney et al. 2014). The level of risk from these marginal wells would depend on the ambient concentration and the exposure time, as well as the emission rate of the toxic chemical from the well in question. As previously noted, the highest risk may be to workers who routinely come in close contact with high emitting wells (Esswein et al. 2014; Goldstein et al. 2014; Harrison et al. 2016).
Burning Behavior and Parameter Analysis of Biodiesel Pool Fires
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2018
Hao Sun, Changjian Wang, Haoran Liu, Manhou Li, Aifeng Zhang, Mingjun Xu
Based on previous studies reported by Hu et al. (2013a) and Hayasaka (1996), it is obvious that the material properties of the fuel have a significant effect on the combustion characteristics of a pool fire. Thus, it is very interesting to compare the temperature data with those for other fuels. As we know, heptane is a highly flammable liquid fuel and popularly used in fire research. More experimental data of plume temperature can be easily obtained. As shown in Figure 12, in the case of heptane fuel, the dimensionless temperature rises as the ratio of vertical height to equivalent diameter increases. There exists a linear relationship between and , and the trend is similar to that of biodiesel fuel. However, the slope of dimensionless temperature for a heptane pool fire is smaller than that for a biodiesel pool fire.
The Third Body Effect of Carbon Dioxide on N-heptane Ignition Delay Characteristics under O2/CO2 Conditions
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2022
Yongfeng Liu, Yuqi Sheng, Ping Wei, Lu Zhang, Shengzhuo Yao, Haifeng Liu, Hua Sun
Based on the above, it is of significance to study the third body effect of CO2 on the n-heptane ignition delay characteristics. As a primary reference fuel, n-heptane is widely used in combustion experiments and simulations and it is commonly used as a part of surrogates available in the literature for gasoline and diesel fuel. (Stagni et al. 2018) Moreover, n-heptane is a representative normal alkane and its oxidation process is presented in detail in this literature. (Zhang et al. 2016)