China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Bioethanol production
Published in Ozcan Konur, Bioenergy and Biofuels, 2017
Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate, Carlos Andrés García, Sebastián Serna Loaiza
The lower heating value (LHV) of a fuel is defined as the amount of heat released by combusting a specified quantity (initially at 25°C) and returning the temperature of the combustion products to 150°C (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2012). The LHVs for ethanol and butanol are 29.85 and 37.33 MJ/kg, respectively. In terms of energy content, butanol has a higher capacity to provide energy. However, the current production process to obtain ethanol requires less energy than butanol and the net balance still favors ethanol (Pfromm et al., 2010). Another index used to compare biofuels is the octane rating, which refers to the capacity of a biofuel to withstand compression before detonating (igniting). In broad terms, high-performance gasoline engines require higher compression ratios, and hence higher octane rating, and the use of low-octane gasoline may lead to the problem of engine knocking (Dabelstein et al., 2007). In this regard, octane ratings (measured as Research Octane Number) for ethanol and butanol are 108.6 and 92, respectively (Eyidogan, 2010). The octane rating of n-butanol is lower than the ethanol; hence, in terms of octane rating, ethanol has better performance.
Study on the Effects of Ethanol-gasoline Octane Number on Anti-knock Performance in Direct-injection Gasoline Engine
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Shuwen Xiao, Hongqing Feng, Xinyi Wang, Xuemeng Li, Zhirong Nan, Chaohe Yang
Nowadays, engines work under the allowable knocking limit due to the increasing demand for maximum engine power output and minimum fuel consumption, and therefore, knock becomes a key constraint in the engine development process. The engine knocking tendency can be suppressed by adjusting the external boundary conditions such as ignition time, valve timing, exhaust gas recirculation; also, it can be restricted by factors such as fuel composition. Octane number and fuel characteristics are closely associated with engine auto-ignition and knocking combustion (Park et al. 2017).