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Principles
Published in Ricardo Oliveira, Lúcia Bilro, Rogério Nogueira, Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings, 2019
Ricardo Oliveira, Lúcia Bilro, Rogério Nogueira
The automated cleaving systems are based on a motorized linear stage used to move the blade with a specific velocity against the POF. The blade is secured in a heating element that is fixed to the motorized linear stage. Its sharpness is essential and blades with long flat-edge (conventional razor blades are purely wedge-shaped) offer best results. Identically, at the bottom, there is a similar heating system, where the blade is now replaced by a v-groove plate that is used to secure the fiber and to give a 90° angle between the longitudinal axis of the POF and the edge blade. The linear stage in the bottom part is used to move the base to another position, allowing to avoid blade damages and the polymer debris left from the last cleavage, which can have a negative influence on the subsequent cleavage.
Investigating the Use of Changes in Facial Features as Indicators of Physical Workload
Published in IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2023
At the start of each session, participants were instrumented with EMG sensors. Prior to affixing the sensors, body hair was shaved with a disposable razor and wiped several times with an alcohol prep pad. Subsequently, EMG sensors were placed along the longitudinal midline of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), middle deltoid (D) and latissimus dorsi (LD), and in the area of the muscle belly with maximal mass, with the arrow (on sensors) parallel to the muscle fibers. Participants then completed three repetitions of a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for each of the three muscle groups. For each muscle, session, and subject, the maximum MVC was selected as a measure of muscle capacity for use in normalizing the EMG measures. Each isometric MVC lasted 4–5 s with one minute of rest in between, according to standard muscle strength testing procedures (Jaric, 2002). Participants were provided with visual feedback and verbal encouragement during the contractions.
Feedback control of an encountered-type haptic interface using MR fluid and servomotors for displaying cutting and restoring force of soft tissue
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2022
Teppei Tsujita, Takuya Kameyama, Atsushi Konno, Satoko Abiko, Xin Jiang, Masaru Uchiyama
To observe the behavior of the resistance force while cutting the biological tissue with a knife, experiments involving cutting a porcine liver were conducted. As shown in Figure 2, a specimen was fixed on the table with an adhesive, a blade (surgical blade No. 10, FEATHER Safety Razor Co.) was moved with a linear actuator (GLM-10, THK Co., Ltd.), and the cutting force was measured using a six-axis force/torque sensor (Nano 17, ATI Industrial Automation, Inc.) mounted on the linear actuator. The liver was taken out from a pig slaughtered early morning on the day of the experiment. It was cut out into a cube shape (). The mounting angle of the blade θ was and the cutting depth h was 5 mm. In Figure 2, the blade is moved to the right at 5 mm/s and cuts approximately 30 mm into the liver. After that, it is stopped for about 4 s and then moved to the left at 1 mm/s.
Thermogravimetric Oxidation Analyses of Carbon Tokamak Codeposits and Flakes
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2021
U. Shahid, B. W. N. Fitzpatrick, C. P. Chrobak, J. W. Davis, M. H. A. Piro
At the time when the photograph in Fig. 3 was taken, there was a band of intact codeposits laid across the upper middle section of the tile. It can also be seen that parts of the tile were scraped off on the right side. This is where the specimens used in the STA were retrieved from, more specifically, the specimens for the dust experiments. The dust was scraped from the surface of the codeposit on the tile using a stainless steel razor blade. This dust was then dropped into sizing sieves in front of a STATICMaster antistatic device. The purpose of the sieves was to determine the general distribution of the size of the dust particles. The STATICMaster antistatic device was used to remove static electricity from the dust particles and ensure that the particle size distribution was not effected by dust particles leaving the specimen under the effect of static electricity. It did this by emitting ionizing alpha particles that have a range of ~4 cm in air. The dust specimen size distribution is shown in Fig. 6. This size distribution does not correct for the effect of agglomeration.