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Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
In fires, many small containers can become projectiles as pressure builds up inside from the heat and the containers explode. Aerosol cans can be particularly dangerous because they are already pressurized, and exposure to heat can cause them to explode and rocket from the pressure. Some of them, like shaving cream use propane as a propellant. Those materials found in industry and institutions are usually service products used in cleaning and maintenance rather than in industrial chemical processes. Examples of ORM-D materials include low-concentration acids, charcoal lighters, spray paints, disinfectants and cartridges for small firearms. Even though the containers may be small, the products inside can contaminate responders and kill and injure if not handled properly. No one specific hazard can be attributed to Class 9 materials. The physical and chemical characteristics mentioned in the first eight hazard class articles may be encountered with Class 9 materials. The difference is that the quantities may be smaller or the materials classified as hazardous wastes, which can include almost any of the other hazard classes. With miscellaneous hazardous materials, it is important to obtain more information about the shipment to determine the chemical names and the exact hazards of the materials involved.
Desalination
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater, 2017
Pressure has only an appreciable effect on the solubility of gases in liquids. For example, carbonated beverages such as soda water are typically bottled at significantly higher atmospheres. When the beverage is opened, the decrease in the pressure above the liquid causes the gas to bubble out of solution. When shaving cream is used, dissolved gas comes out of solution, bringing the liquid with it as foam.
Design Criteria for Drill Rigs
Published in C.P. Chugh, Ken Steele, V.M. Sharma, Design Criteria for Drill Rigs: Equipment and Drilling Techniques, 2020
C.P. Chugh, Ken Steele, V.M. Sharma
Conditions of foam at the blooie line should, under normal conditions, appear like shaving cream. If not, corrections should be made. Some typical conditions and corresponding adjustments are listed in Table 3.8.
Clinical investigation of the GORE drug-coated PTA balloon catheter for CE mark approval
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Elias Noory, Gunnar Tepe, Michael Piorkowski, Marcus Thieme, Stefan Müller-Hülsbeck, Klaus Brechtel, Michael Lichtenberg, Ulrich Beschorner, Tanja Böhme, Thomas Zeller
The GORE DCB Catheter contains two excipients or inactive ingredients.Tromethamine (tris) is widely used as a component of buffer solutions and is also a common inactive ingredient in many intravenous and intravascular pharmaceutical solutions/injections.Stearic acid is widely used as a surfactant and softening agent in the production of cosmetics such as shampoos, soaps, and shaving cream products and in the preparation of dietary supplements. Stearic acid is a common inactive ingredient in many pharmaceutical preparations, including oral capsules/tablets, topical solutions/ointments/creams, vaginal tablets/creams, and subcutaneous implants.
Heat and mass transfer analysis of chemically reactive non-Newtonian fluid with the implementation of generalized Fourier’s and Fick’s laws over a vertical sheet
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Muhammad Saqlain, Fuzhang Wang, Muhammad Imran Anwar, Wei-Feng Xia, Aysha Rehman, Fehmi Gamaoun, A.S. El-Shafay
The flow that does not obey the Newton law of viscosity is said to be non-Newtonian in nature. This fluid is very vital due to its rheological and multidisciplinary applications. Moreover, in non-Newtonian fluid, the fluid’s viscosity is not constant and can be changed under different forces. The paints, hydraulic fluids, shaving cream, ketchup, sludge, shampoos, motor oil, and many more belong to non-Newtonian fluids. One of the subclasses of non-Newtonian fluid is Casson fluid, which keeps yield stress, and it has many applications, such as metallurgy, bioengineering, food processing, drilling operators, etc. The expectation of the flow attributes of pigment suspensions oil influenced by Casson fluid was considered by Casson [1]. Using the Boltzmann method, the model of Casson fluid and Carreau–Yasuda blood in the curved shape pipe geometries were analyzed by Boyd and Buick [2]. Lare [3] evaluated the variable fluid properties on the Casson fluid flow with stratification impact across an exponentially stretching surface. Afify [4] explored the influence of viscous dissipation and the chemical reaction of a Casson nanofluid flow due to a stretching surface. Raju et al. [5] scrutinized the MHD Casson nanofluid with suction/injection through a moving wedge. Ahmad et al. [6] discussed the flow and heat transfer analysis of Casson fluid flow with Newtonian heating and viscous dissipation impact by a stretching surface. El-Aziz and Afify [7] considered the Hall current and entropy generation impact on a Casson fluid flow with the magnetic effect toward the stretching sheet. Khan et al. [8] elaborated the dual solution of transient 2D Casson fluid flow toward the porous stretching/shrinking surface with convective boundary conditions. Shankaralingappa et al. [9] took a stretching sheet to discuss the heat and mass transport characteristics of Oldroyd-B fluid influenced by double diffusion and chemical reaction. Sreelakshmi et al. [10] examined the thermophoresis and Brownian motion effect on the Casson fluid flow with non-Fourier heat flux. Some recent research related to non-Newtonian fluid is found in Refs. [11,12].
The association of personal care products uses and dietary habits with the urinary concentration of parabens in Iranian adults
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Yaghoub Hajizadeh, Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi, Awat Feizi, Karim Ebrahimpour
The results from the MANCOVA test showed that the increase in the concentration of parabens varied according to the type of used products. Urinary parabens among the individuals who reported the use of body wash, makeup base, shaving cream and lotion in the past 24 h were significantly higher than those in non-users. In a previous study, the highest increase in the concentration of urinary parabens have been attributed to the use of sunblock lotions (966–156%) and body lotions (79–147%) (Nassan et al. 2017). Similarly, in our study, urinary MP among individuals who used lotions in the past 24 h was 147% higher than those did not use them. In another study, women who reported the use of lotions had 80–110% higher urinary MP, EP, PP, and BP concentrations compared to non-users. In addition, it has been reported that the user of shampoo, conditioner, lip makeup, and eye makeup products had urinary BP concentration 72–84% higher than non-users (Fisher et al. 2017). Our findings showed that users of shaving cream and makeup base had urinary MP and PP concentrations 114–217% and 167–201%, respectively, higher than non-users. Urinary MP, EP, and BP in individuals who used body wash compared to non-users were increased by 123%, 215% and 293%, respectively (Table 2, results from the MANCOVA). However, we observed null or somehow negative associations between some PCPs and urinary paraben concentrations. We speculated that this could be due to the relatively short dermal contact time of specific products (e.g. shampoo, softener, bar soap, and makeup remover), or might be due to the reduced statistical precision since few individuals have used these products (e.g. coloring and nail care products), or probably due to the low content of parabens in the specific products have been used by our study population. Furthermore, the apparent inconsistencies between these studies might be explained by different patterns of PCPs use or their content of parabens within different countries. However, differences in the study design, timing of urine collection and the brands or types of products used by the study populations may also have influenced the obtained results.