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The Advantages and Versatility of Carrier-Free Nanodrug and Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Therapy
Published in Loutfy H. Madkour, Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022
As seen from the above examples, poor water solubility is one of the main challenges for clinical applications of many anticancer agents. Beyond this, most anticancer drugs act as antiproliferative agents and have poor selectivity resulting in severe side effects [454]. These anticancer drugs can be taken up by frequently replicating cells, regardless of the cell type, which require high nutrient supply. Therefore, anticancer agents cause serious side effects on healthy tissues dividing rapidly such as mucous membranes of mouth, throat, stomach, and intestines, resulting in gastrointestinal side effects. Hair follicles are also fast-dividing cells, and correspondingly, patients suffer from hair loss including facial and body hair [455]. They also harm bone marrow cells, which are responsible for the production of white and red blood cells. This further reduces the ability of body to fight infections [456]. It is also demonstrated that exhibiting frequently proliferating cell profile in tumor masses can be misleading as this is due to the high number of cells in dividing state. In fact, many of the tumor cells, particularly solid tumor cells, multiply rather slowly [457,458].
An Assessment of the Role of Polymers for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering
Published in Ijeoma F. Uchegbu, Andreas G. Schätzlein, Polymers in Drug Delivery, 2006
Patrick J. Ginty, Steven M. Howdle, Felicity R.A.J. Rose, Kevin M. Shakesheff
These natural macromolecules can be easily converted into physical or chemical gels that can entrap and release growth factors. Collagen is an abundant protein found in many tissues and structures in the body (hair, lips, fingernails, etc.). Because the natural function of collagen is that of physical support, it is a logical choice as a potential tissue-engineering device [49]. Because collagen is a protein, it has a structure completely different from polysaccharides such as chitosan and alginate.
Investigating the Use of Changes in Facial Features as Indicators of Physical Workload
Published in IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2023
At the start of each session, participants were instrumented with EMG sensors. Prior to affixing the sensors, body hair was shaved with a disposable razor and wiped several times with an alcohol prep pad. Subsequently, EMG sensors were placed along the longitudinal midline of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), middle deltoid (D) and latissimus dorsi (LD), and in the area of the muscle belly with maximal mass, with the arrow (on sensors) parallel to the muscle fibers. Participants then completed three repetitions of a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for each of the three muscle groups. For each muscle, session, and subject, the maximum MVC was selected as a measure of muscle capacity for use in normalizing the EMG measures. Each isometric MVC lasted 4–5 s with one minute of rest in between, according to standard muscle strength testing procedures (Jaric, 2002). Participants were provided with visual feedback and verbal encouragement during the contractions.
Extraversion development in childhood, adolescence and adulthood: Testing the role of sport participation in three nationally-representative samples
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Mark S. Allen, Davina A. Robson, Stewart A. Vella, Sylvain Laborde
The control variables included in each sample were sex, age (in adult sample), pubertal status/change in pubertal status (in child and adolescent samples), household income, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Participants (parents in child and adolescent samples) provided their home postcode, household income (in AUD per week), and number of people in the house. Using participants’ postcode, an estimate of socioeconomic disadvantage was determined according to the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). Household income was standardized to the household size by dividing estimates by the square root of the number of people in the house (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). In the child and adolescent samples, parent-reported pubertal status was assessed using four items: growth spurt, body hair, skin changes, and deepening voice [boys]/breast growth [girls], each measured on a three/four point scale: 1 (has not started yet), 2 (has barely started), 3 (has definitely started), 4 (seems complete). Items were adapted from the pubertal development scale for parental report (Petersen et al., 1988). Pubertal status was not measured at Time 1 in the child sample (children are age 6.5 years) and was measured on a 3-point scale at Time 2 (children are age 10.5 years), with point 4 (seems complete) not included. Similarly, in the adolescent sample, pubertal status was measured on a 3-point scale at Time 1 and on a 4-point scale at Time 2.
Association of impulsivity, physical development, and mental health to perceptual-motor control after concussion in adolescents
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Shawn R. Eagle, Anthony P. Kontos, Chris Connaboy
Demographics (i.e. age, sex) and the presence of relevant medical history (yes/no; ADD/ADHD, anxiety, depression) were obtained from the athlete’s electronic health records. The Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) was used to assess physical development (Petersen et al., 1988). The PDS is a self-assessment of physical development in body hair, skin changes, facial hair, and voice changes for boys, and breast development and menses for girls. The PDS is a valid measure compared to Tanner Staging and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77–0.81) (Shirtcliff et al., 2009).