Hirsutism

Hirsutism

Microbial Transformation of Steroids and Sterols

Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017

Many steroids and sterols are manufactured through microbial action. The largest economic impact of synthetic estrogen and progestin production has been for use as contraceptive agents and for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Contraceptive steroid mixtures have also been used to treat a variety of related abnormal states including endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, hirsutism, polycystic ovarian disease, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, benign breast disease, and ovarian cyst suppression.

Indirect clinical markers for the detection of anabolic steroid abuse beyond the conventional doping control in athletes

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Journal Information

Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019

Georgios A. Christou, Maria A. Christou, Lovro Žiberna, Konstantinos A. Christou

AAS abuse is associated with hirsutism in females, which is more noticeable in the face (Gruber & Pope, 2000; Walker & Adams, 2009). Importantly, the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome needs to be excluded in female athletes with hirsutism. AAS-induced androgenic alopecia of the scalp can develop in both males and females, though it is more apparent in females (Ip et al., 2010; Walker & Adams, 2009). Alopecia appears to be a far less common manifestation of AAS abuse in females compared to hirsutism (Börjesson et al., 2016). Both alopecia and hirsutism may persist even after discontinuation of AAS. Therefore, the combination of hirsutism and alopecia in female athletes should raise suspicion for current or past AAS abuse.

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Microbial Transformation of Steroids and Sterols

Indirect clinical markers for the detection of anabolic steroid abuse beyond the conventional doping control in athletes