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Effects of Whole Body Vibration on the Elderly
Published in Redha Taiar, Christiano Bittencourt Machado, Xavier Chiementin, Mario Bernardo-Filho, Whole Body Vibrations, 2019
Maíra Florentino Pessoa, Helga C. Muniz de Souza, Helen K. Bastos Fuzari, Patrícia E. M. Marinho, Armèle Dornelas de Andrade
In addition to changes in the regulation mechanisms of osteogenesis, changes in age-related sexual hormones also affect normal skeletal biology. In women, the decline in estrogen levels after menopause lead to cortical and trabecular bone loss. These results in high rates of bone resorption, which was previously inhibited by estrogen, triggering insufficient bone formation. In men, low levels of androgens also cause remodelling and loss of bone tissue due to reduced levels of estrogen, derived from aromatization of the testosterone hormone (Roberts et al., 2016). In addition to these, cellular responses to growth hormones are also altered with aging, leading to an osteoblastic and osteogenic progenitor cell reduction due to reduced cellular sensitivity to the signalling of this hormone, contributing to bone loss.
Radionuclide-based Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Sven-Erik Strand, Mohamed Altai, Joanna Strand, David Ulmert
Localized PCa is treated with surgery and/or EBRT. For those patients having advanced androgen sensitive disease, the standard treatment is usually different forms of androgen deprivation therapy. If the disease progresses to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), the prognosis becomes poor, with an expected survival of less than 19 months for patients with metastases. Commonly, CRPC is treated with the continuation of androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and EBRT. When the tumour progresses to a lethal form, there are no effective long-term treatments.
Scope of the Problem
Published in Jason W. Birkett, John N. Lester, Endocrine Disrupters in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Processes, 2002
An androgen is defined as “a class of male sex hormones related to the steroid androstane and produced in the adrenal cortex and the testes; includes testosterone, androsterone, and androstenolone responsible for the development of secondary male characteristics, such as a deep voice and facial hair.”
Study and implementation of automated system for detection of PCOS from ultrasound scan images using artificial intelligence
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
M. Sumathi, P. Chitra, S. Sheela, C. Ishwarya
Additionally, the prevalence rises with age, from 6.7% in the third decade to 43.5% in the seventh one [16,17]. It is one of the most well-known hormonal disorders that affect women and cause a number of ovarian alterations. The ovary contains a large number of small, liquid-filled sacs. These sacs include a few cysts and clusters that resemble follicles of the size of pearls. It is evident that approximately 1 in 10 women of childbearing age has PCOS. It combines several dissimilar symptoms. Hormonal deregulation, ovarian cysts, irregular periods, hormonal acne on the face, insulin resistance, infertility, excessive body and facial hair, and hair loss are other signs of PCOS. This makes it challenging for pregnant women because it may result in incredibly difficult circumstances or possibly a failure of ovulating frequency. It results in a significant hormonal imbalance that could lead to an accumulation of follicles or cysts developing in the affected woman's ovary. High levels of androgen are released as a result of this circumstance, which can also have major consequences for irregular periods, excessive hair growth, weight gain, noticeable head hair loss, acne, and other things. These individuals also run the major danger of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep apnoea. Ovarian cysts are not the only or the most discriminating factor in a thorough PCOS diagnosis, according to medical experts. Oestrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone alerting levels are further clinical and metabolic markers that demonstrate the effects of ovulation failure (LH). Most clinical and radiological testing is generally carried out by doctors and specialists to identify PCOS.