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Drying
Published in C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Padma Ishwarya, Essentials and Applications of Food Engineering, 2019
C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Padma Ishwarya
The schematic diagram of a fluidized bed dryer is shown in Figure 10.13. The gas is distributed across the bed inlet by a perforated distributor plate with orifices of smaller diameter drilled on a square pitch. In addition to the distributor plate, Raschig rings are placed in the wind box to facilitate gas distribution. Raschig rings (named after its inventor Friedrich August Raschig, a German Chemist) are pieces of equal-sized (length and diameter) tube made of ceramic or metal. These rings are used to provide a large surface area for interaction between the liquid and gas vapors, within the volume of fluidization column. The fluidization air is supplied by a blower. The air flow rate is measured using an orifice plate designed according to the standards developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and a manometer setup. The pressure drop across the fluidization bed is measured with a differential pressure transducer. The freeboard section as shown in the Figure 10.13 separates any entrained material from the exhaust gas. The freeboard is usually covered to minimize the loss of fines from the dryer (Wormsbecker, 2008).
Flow in Porous Media
Published in Ron Darby, Raj P. Chhabra, Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 2016
A packed column that is 3 ft in diameter with a packing height of 25 ft is used to absorb an impurity from a methane gas stream using an amine solution absorbent. The gas flow rate is 2000 scfm, and the liquid has a density of 1.2 g/cm3 and a viscosity of 2 cP. If the column operates at 1 atm and 80°F, determine the liquid flow rate at which flooding would occur in the column and the pressure drop at 50% of the flooding liquid rate for the following packings: 2 in. ceramic Raschig rings2 in. plastic Pall rings
Zero CO2 steelmaking in a future low carbon economy. 1. Energy conservation in smelting hematite ore directly to refined iron slab
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2018
Distribution of the LBE at 590°C (1676 kg s−1) uniformly over 200 m2 of ½-inch steel raschig ring packed bed 0.58 m in height with the nitrogen flowing upwards at a rate of 192 kg s−1 is all that is needed to transfer the recovered heat (112 MW for 3.2 M tpa Fe) from continuous casting of both iron and reduction slag slabs. Because of low frictional pressure drop, the packed bed contactor may be rectangular, say 5 m × 32 m.