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Glass
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
Other products used within construction include the alkaline earth silicate and borosilicate glasses, these have significantly different chemical compositions giving rise to their particular physical properties. The composition of alkaline earth silicate glass is typically 55–70% silica, 5–14% potassium oxide, 3–12% calcium oxide and 0–15% aluminium oxide, with quantities of zirconium, strontium and barium oxides. Borosilicate glass is typically 70–87% silica, 0–8% sodium oxide, 0–8% potassium oxide, 7–15% boron oxide and 0–8% aluminium oxide, with small quantities of other oxides. A particular characteristic of borosilicate glass is that it has a coefficient of expansion one-third that of standard soda lime silicate glass, making it significantly more resistant to thermal shock in case of fire.
Recent Advances in Boron-Based Flame Retardants
Published in Yuan Hu, Xin Wang, Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials, 2019
The use of borosilicate glass/ceramic frits and borosiloxane were previously reviewed (Shen 2014a, 2014b). Borosilicate glass is a range of glasses based on boric oxide, silica, and a metal oxide. It has excellent thermal shock resistance and chemical resistance. Recently, synergistic flame retardant effects of borosilicate hollow glass microsphere and magnesium hydroxide in EVA was reported (Liu et al. 2014). Trovotech in Germany reported that the use of melamine cyanurate (MC, 4%) and their special porous amorphous glass particle (4%) can achieve a non-dripping V-0 in polyamide 6, whereas typical polyamide 6 formulation requires about 10–12 loading of MC to achieve V-0 with flaming drips (Hans-Juergen and Ferner 2015). These porous borosilicate glass particles can sinter at heat treatment temperature around 360°C–400°C. This sintering action is believed to be responsible for the flame retardancy.
Manufacture and processing
Published in Marios Soutsos, Peter Domone, Construction Materials, 2017
Borosilicate glass is successful at providing ‘integrity-only’ protection, because it has lower thermal expansion coefficient than soda lime glass, so it is able to resist more severe thermal shock and it is usually toughened, which further increases its thermal shock resistance. Toughened borosilicate has been successfully fire tested in certain sizes up to 60 minutes when framed on top and bottom edges only, with special sealant in the butt joint between panes.
Micromachining of borosilicate glass using an electrolyte-sonicated-µ-ECDM system
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2023
K. V. J. Bhargav, P. S. Balaji, Ranjeet Kumar Sahu
Glass is an amorphous substance that is commonly utilized in everyday life. In today’s world, glass has a wide range of applications because of properties like high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low optical absorption, extensive optical transmission range, and biocompatibility.[1] Glass comprises silica, bleaching powder, alkaline metal oxides, calcium oxide (lime), and other constituents. Although glass is a brittle material, its application in optical, communications, automotive, biomedical, art, and other fields and the ease of molding it into the desired shapes have proven to be the most promising and exciting material.[2] Glass is usually an insulator. When glass is exposed to different temperatures, the resulting stresses cause the glass to shatter. As a result, glass is susceptible to thermal stresses, resulting in workpiece damage during high-temperature machining. This feature may be changed by adding the boric acid (H3BO3) to glass, reducing the thermal expansion coefficient and preventing the glass from shattering at high temperatures. Borosilicate glass is a form of glass with boron trioxide as one of its constituents. The availability of borosilicate glass has increased the number of applications even at extremely high temperatures.
Cu metallisation on glass substrate with through glass via using wet plating process
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2021
M. Takayama, K. Inoue, H. Honma, M. Watanabe
Not only the packaging technology, but also the core materials are required to have high insulation and smoothness to enable higher speed and lower loss transmission. Glass, therefore, is a highly anticipated candidate due to its smoothness and high insulation. Glass has various useful properties. For example, common soda lime glass is used for building materials. Borosilicate glass is highly resistant to thermal shock and is often used in beakers for physics and chemistry and heat-resistant containers. Quartz glass has the highest light transmittance among glasses and has a heat resistance of 1500°C or higher. Carrier glass is known for being used for transparent substrate materials for liquid crystal televisions, and for being used when processing silicon wafers. In recent years, the development of non-alkali glass for the electronics field has been promoted. It includes bendable and hard-to-break glass, zero thermal expansion glass, crystallised glass and other glasses that will overturn the image of conventional glass. More diverse use of glass is being expected.6 The authors believe these glass materials can also be applied to high-frequency and high-speed transmission devices that will be required in the future. Glass has good heat resistance, environment resistance and transparency. A glass panel substrate is easily scalable and can be applied at a lower cost than silicon and similar candidates.
Oxidation and vitrification of aluminum with lead borate glass for low level radioactive waste treatment
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2020
Kayo Sawada, Youichi Enokida, Takeshi Tsukada
For immobilization of the radioactive materials, vitrification is the most credible method under the current circumstances, e.g. high-level radioactive liquid waste (HLLW)generated from the reprocessing of spent fuel is melted with borosilicate glass to immobilize the elements in the glass matrix in all the countries that store it [6–8]. Generally, borosilicate glass has good properties, such as chemical stability and heat resistance compared to those of soda glass, relative ease of manufacturing, etc., as the solidification matrix of the radioactive elements. On the other hand, it also has disadvantages, e.g. borosilicate glass cannot vitrify zero-valent metals. If we want to vitrify a filter with its aluminum frame and separator, we need to oxidize aluminum in some way before we feed it to a melter filled with borosilicate glass.