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Crying Wolf
Published in Yair Neuman, How to Find a Needle in a Haystack, 2023
The pulp-and-paper industry involves companies using wood to produce paper. A paper machine is used for the mass production of paper, and, like any other machine, these machines sometimes get stuck. To illustrate this point, let us use data (Ranjan, Reddy, Mustonen, Paynabar, & Pourak, 2018) taken from a paper manufacturing machine, where paper breakage is a rare but highly costly event. The prevalence of paper breakage is low: only 124 cases out of 18,398 records, which as a rounded percentage is less than 1% (0.7%). However, the cost of breakage is high. A failure entails that production must be stopped, at a cost of $10,000 per hour (C. Ranjan, ProcessMiner/Atlanta, GA, personal communication, 2021). Over the period covered by the dataset (around a month), the loss caused by the machine failures was $1.24 million. In one of my papers (Neuman, Cohen, & Erez, 2021), my colleagues and I attempted to predict an approaching failure using a dataset that included predictor variables (x1–x61) gathered from the sensors of the machine.
Other Industries
Published in Charles E. Baukal, Industrial Combustion Pollution and Control, 2003
The first sector involves production of paper products from raw wood while the second involves converting those initial products into more specialized end products. The pulp and paper industry produces commodity grades of wood pulp, primary paper products, and paper board products such as: printing and writing papers, sanitary tissue, industrial-type papers, container board, and boxboard [4]. Fig. 17.2 shows a schematic of an integrated paper mill. The only part of the mill that uses industrial combustion is the drying machine. Even there it is only supplemental to the steam-heated cylinders, which do the bulk of the dyring. Figure 17.3 shows an
Pulp and Paper Wastewater
Published in Arun Kumar, Jay Shankar Singh, Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation, 2021
The pulp and paper industry involves processes that discharge large amounts of wastewater, which creates significant pollution to the environment (air, water courses and soil). In the last decades, there are strict environment regulations and various technological solutions such as the dry debarking of wood, the introduction of extended cooking and oxygen delignification, the reuse of condensates, improvement in washing efficiency and especially the total substitution of chlorine, which ultimately reduces the large flow of wastewater and load of chlorinated and organic loads in pulp and paper wastewater.
Valorisation of sodium lignosulfonate by ultrafiltration of spent sulphite liquor using commercial polyethersulfone membrane
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2022
Kaushik Nath, Vinay B. Patel, Haresh K. Dave, Suresh C. Panchani
Indian pulp and paper industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors with ever-burgeoning domestic and global demand. Like various pulping processes, the sulphite process also generates a dark brown coloured waste stream known as spent sulphite liquor (SSL) with a high recalcitrant chemical oxygen demand together with a high level of soluble organics and total organic carbon. SSL has not only a complex composition with dissolved lignosulfonates and polysaccharide degradation by-products but also has a dark colouration that mars the oxygen supply to aquatic fauna and flora [1]. But the bulk of this spent liquor is treated inefficiently following aeration, liming or even incinerating in a recovery boiler to produce energy, thereby posing potential ecological problems [2]. Thus, the treatment of SSL before its discharge and its valorisation by way of possible recovery of useful chemicals assume paramount significance.
Comparison of Ontario’s roundwood and recycled fibre pulp and paper mills’ performance using data Envelopment analysis
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2021
The pulp and paper industry consists of the manufacturing enterprises that convert roundwood and recycled fibre into a wide variety of pulps, papers, and paperboards. The origin of the pulp and paper industry did not start with wood but instead with fabric as raw material (Roach, 1994). In Ontario, the first wood-based pulp mill was built in 1887 at Merritton (Bogdanski, 2014). The industry started using recycled fibre to produce paper and other products, as it requires less energy and water than using new wood fibre. Recycling also has other environmental benefits, as it diverts paper from landfills, where it would otherwise decompose and release greenhouse gases. However, the rate of recycled fibre used in the Ontario’s licensed mills has declined from 12% in 2004–4% in 2012 according to the Pulp and Paper Products Council (PPPC, 2015). Half of the facilities that reported using recycled fibre in 2004 have suspended operations and the other half have stopped using recycled fibre (PPPC, 2015). Similarly, many pulp and paper mills using roundwood have also been closed. Therefore, the operational efficiency of all the pulp and paper mills in Ontario, whether using roundwood and/or recycled fibre, has been impacted in the last two decades.
Cleaner production solution selection for paper making – a case study of Latif paper products Co. Iran
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2018
Majid Azizi, Yaghoob Asadizadeh, Charles Ray, Yahya Hamzeh
The pulp and paper industry is one of the large and capital and resources (raw materials, energy, water) intensive industry that causes serious environmental problems, such as global warming, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, nutrification and solid wastes production (Avsar and Demirer 2008; Thompson et al. 2001). Usually, the production of paper and board has four main phases, including pulp production (chemical or mechanical virgin pulp and recycled fibre pulp), stock preparation (screening, cleaning, additives application, mixing and storing and etc.) paper machine (web forming, dewatering, pressing, drying, winding), and coating and finishing. During these phases, several mechanical and thermomechanical, chemimechanical, and chemical technologies are involved resulting in various negative environmental impacts (Bajpai 2010). Considering the actual state of the art, pulp and paper mills are facing various challenges with the energy efficiency mechanism, management of the resulting pollutants and environmental issues, satisfying ongoing legal requirements and etc., (Kamali and Khodaparast 2015).