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Food Packaging
Published in Dennis R. Heldman, Daryl B. Lund, Cristina M. Sabliov, Handbook of Food Engineering, 2018
A number of improvements have resulted in more effective paper-based packaging (Vakevainen, 2000). Development of stronger and lighter paperboard provides more effective packages at lower cost. Innovative paperboard multi-pack secondary packaging is being used more often for unitizing two or more primary packages (Becto n and Braselton, 2004). The multi-packs make shopping, handling, and storage more convenient. Some also provide convenient dispensing of the primary packaged product. Improvements in polymer coatings have allowed thinner paperboard coatings compared to laminated layers, resulting in packages that can be more easily recycled. PP-coated paperboard has found application in microwavable foods. PET-coated paperboard is more heat resistant, allowing dual-ovenable food products. Many innovations for the aseptic carton have been introduced, including reclosable tops, larger sizes, new shapes, and a microwaveable version that replaces the aluminum layer with a barrier plastic (Nielaender, 1996; Seidel, 2001). Retortable cartons have been developed that replace the LDPE used in the aseptic carton with PP (Robertson, 2002).
Going Green Using Colocasia esculenta Starch and Starch Nanocrystals in Food Packaging
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Saiqa Ikram, Suvardhan Kanchi, Krishna Bisetty, Biocomposites, 2018
Bruce Saunders Chakara, Shalini Singh
Paper and paperboard have been used as packaging since the 17th century. Paper originates from cellulose fibers derived from wood, which is chemically treated to give the ideal final product. The materials are low in density, thus being favored, but they provide poor barrier properties to light, liquids, gases, and vapors. This is counteracted by coating, lamination, or wrapping the paper by sulfate, sulfite, plastic, or acid depending on the use. Examples of treated paper are kraft, sulfite, greaseproof, glassine, and parchment paper. The main difference between paper and paperboard is that paperboard is heavier since it is made of several layers, which provides better stiffness properties. Examples are whiteboard, solid board used for cartons, chipboard used to make cereal boxes, and fiberboard used for transporting bulk food and case packing. Paper and paperboard can both be resilient to grease and penetrable to liquids and vapors. They can be creased, folded, glued, and can also tear easily. It might not be brittle and does not provide as much tensile strength as metal. Looking at the properties of paper and paperboard packaging, it still lacks the features of plastic, the most popular packaging material. This gives rise to paper laminates with improved properties such as being able to be heat sealed with better gas and liquid barrier properties.
Ill Recycling of Paper
Published in Susan E. M. Selke, Packaging and the Environment, 1994
The most significant use of recycled paper is in paperboard packaging. Of the total United States paperboard production of 35.1 million tons in 1987, about 12 million tons was wastepaper. This represents over 70 percent of all the wastepaper recycled in the United States. About 1.6 million tons was used in combination with virgin fibers in unbleached kraft board for corrugated boxes, folding cartons, and other uses. Recycled paper, originating primarily in box plant clippings and old corrugated containers, represented about 9 percent of the total fiber in these uses. About 1.7 million tons was used in semichemical paperboard, primarily for corrugating medium, the central fluted layer in corrugated board. This represented about 32 percent of the total fiber used. The remaining 8.7 million tons was used in the production of about 8 million tons of recycled paperboard. About 2 million tons of this board was used in corrugated and solid fiber boxes, 2.3 million tons in folding cartons, 0.2 million tons in rigid boxes, 1.3 million tons in gypsum wallboard, 1.1 million tons in paper tubes, cans, and drums, and the remainder in other uses (American Paper Institute, 1988).
Assessment of alkaline treatment of palm kernel fiber and curing duration on selected properties of cement-paper composite boards
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Abayomi Adewale Akinwande, Adeolu Adesoji Adediran, Oluwatosin Abiodun Balogun, Olanrewaju Seun Adesina, Oluseyi Samuel Olasoju, Adebayo Felix Owa, Tunji John Erinle, Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
Most particleboards used for partitioning walls of buildings be it offices, houses, and relevant structures are made from trees of which these trees are cut down. The continuous felling of these trees contributes greatly to climate change which has resulted in hot weather conditions in recent times. Alternative wall partitioning material can be produced from waste paper which will be cheaper and environmentally friendly. In this way, waste paper that could have been disposed of is given economic value coupled with the fact that environmental pollution is reduced. Recycling of this waste by blending with cement provides paperboard, which is strong enough for wall partitioning. Industries can be established for recycling waste paper in the production of paperboards as a cheaper alternative to paperboard for wall partitioning or relevant use.
A full-range moisture sorption model for cellulose-based materials yielding consistent net isosteric heat of sorption
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Johan Tryding, Henrik Askfelt, Marcus Alexandersson, Matti Ristinmaa
Paperboard is one of the main components used to produce packaging material for liquids. It is well known that interaction between cellulose and moisture changes the properties of paperboard, and the moisture content of the paperboard will influence the performance and quality of paperboard-based liquid packages. Dry paperboard is stiff and brittle, with an increased risk of developing cracks which may compromise the integrity of the package. Moist paperboard is more ductile but weaker, which affects the forming quality negatively. As indicated in Askfelt and Ristinmaa,[1] a high level of moisture could also damage the packaging material via an internal pressure build-up caused by heating during sealing operations.
Foam forming of fiber products: a review
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Tuomo Hjelt, Jukka A. Ketoja, Harri Kiiskinen, Antti I. Koponen, Elina Pääkkönen
The preparation of fiber products requires transferring fibers and attaching them together into a network structure. The most well-known example of this is papermaking, where the above basic operations guarantee an annual revenue of ca. USD 1000 billion for forest product industries. The 2000-year success of water forming comes from the fact that water acts simultaneously as a transfer medium and a glue for natural cellulose fibers. Because these fibers are hydroscopic and hydrophilic, water is able to swell and soften them to the extent that mechanical entanglement and short-range (<nm) interactions can bind their fibril surfaces tightly together. The result is a strong but light, sustainable, and biodegradable material such as paperboard.