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Handling, Storage, and Transport of Infectious Waste
Published in Peter A. Reinhardt, Judith G. Gordon, Infectious and Medical Waste Management, 2018
Peter A. Reinhardt, Judith G. Gordon
An alternative is to use a plastic bag that crumples and partially disintegrates when exposed to steam (e.g., a bag manufactured from polyethylene). With this type of plastic, it is apparent and obvious when the bag and its contents have been treated with steam. Since a crumpled bag cannot hold (contain) anything, this type of plastic bag must be placed within another container (such as a kraft paper bag to keep the waste from spilling within the steam sterilizer. There is then an intact secondary container that is not red holding the treated waste.
III Resource Use
Published in Susan E. M. Selke, Packaging and the Environment, 1994
More recently, Fenton (1992) compared the life cycle energy intensity of grocery bags. He evaluated a permanent nylon bag, a multitrip low-density polyethylene bag, a one-trip LDPE bag, and a one-trip kraft paper bag. Multiple uses of the bags designed as one-trip were also included. Recycling was included for the LDPE and paper bags. The nylon permanent bag was found to be the least energy intensive under all reasonable scenarios of recycling and reuse.
Order-Fulfillment and Across-the-Dock Objectives and Their Impact on Your Company's Profit and Customer Service
Published in David E. Mulcahy, John P. Dieltz, Order-Fulfillment and Across-the-Dock Concepts, Design, and Operations Handbook, 2003
David E. Mulcahy, John P. Dieltz
In a GOH operation, the device is a plastic, metal, or wood hanger. To ensure efficient movement in a GOH operation, the hanger size, hook dimensions, and material are standard. When GOH pieces are prepared for a customer-order delivery, the GOH shipping container options include paper bag, plastic bag, flat box, box hang bar, delivery truck rope loop, and cart hang bar.
The influence of the mass ratio of crumb rubber and waste cooking oil on the properties of rubberised bio-rejuvenator and rejuvenated asphalt
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2023
Xingyu Yi, Ruikun Dong, Chenguang Shi, Jun Yang, Zhen Leng
The test was conducted according to the following steps. First, the filter paper (0.45 μm pore size) was weighed. And then, the WRO sample was weighed on the filter paper. After this, the filter paper loaded with WRO sample was wrapped with another larger filter paper and tied with cotton thread to form a bag. After 48 h of extraction, the filter paper bag was placed in a ventilated place to allow volatilisation of the residual toluene. Next, the filter paper bag was dried in a vacuum oven at 70°C. Molecules larger than the aperture size of the filter paper remained in the filter paper bag (the insoluble fraction). Finally, after heating for 1 h, the cotton thread was removed and the paper bag was weighed to calculate the mass loss of WRO samples. The solubility of the rubber was calculated according to Equation (1) as follows: where, is the solubility of rubber; is the WRO sample mass loss (on the filter paper bag); is the original weight of WRO samples before extraction; RRO is the ratio of rubber to oil.
Global plastic waste management strategies (Technical and behavioral) during and after COVID-19 pandemic for cleaner global urban life
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Muhammad Taqi Mehran, Salman Raza Naqvi, Muhammad Ali Haider, Maryam Saeed, Muhammad Shahbaz, Tareq Al-Ansari
Figure 3 summarizes the expected increase in plastic waste due to COVID-19 and presents recyclability options for sustainable conservation. Apart from medical wastes, the imposition of the quarantine has increased organic (household items) and inorganic waste (food packing). The main issue is that in most waste collection sites the plastic wastes are not separated from other waste and it went to dumping sites with other wastes. This problem becomes more serious during the pandemic as the mixing of medical wastes in civic or municipal wastes. Recent researches have shown shopping bags to be carriers of pathogens in supermarkets. This has been the argument given by the Plastics Industry Association (PIA) to ask the US Government for uplifting the Plastic Bag ban to shift from a paper bag to Single Usable Plastic (SUP) bag. However, another research shows that the coronavirus may be more resilient on a plastic surface as compared to a paper bag. This poses questions about the effectiveness of the SUP amidst the pandemic, knowing that it holds an immense impact on plastic waste soon.
An extraction-based facile method for measuring the solubility of organic solid compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Jian-Lei Qi, Qin-Qin Xu, Jian-Fei Sun, Dan Zhou, Jian-Zhong Yin
In a typical experiment, a certain amount of solute sealed in a filter-paper bag was placed in the porous cylindrical storage frame made of stainless steel, which was in turn installed in the upper part of the stainless steel vessel. The high-pressure vessel was then closed and preheated in the thermostatic blast drying oven at the required temperature for 2 h. After the vessel temperature reached the set value, the inlet and outlet needle valves (part (3) and part (11) in Figure 1) were opened to replace air in the vessel with CO2. Subsequently, CO2 was slowly introduced into the vessel to reach the target pressure. The vessel was kept under constant pressure and temperature for a specified time (about 24 h), during which electromagnetic stirring was used to improve the mixing efficiency and reach dissolution equilibrium. Finally, the outlet valve was opened for 8 seconds to release CO2 (at an average rate of 3 MPa·s−1). Then, the filter-paper bag containing undissolved salt was removed and weighed. In addition, due to the storage frame being installed in the upper part of the stainless-steel vessel, the phase interface generated during the rapid pressure relief was rapidly fell below the storage frame, efficiently terminating the contact between the solution and the filter-paper bag. Thus, the undissolved solute charged the filter-paper bag was in a gaseous CO2 environment which would guarantee the accuracy of the measurements. The amount of dissolved solute was easily obtained as the mass difference of the filter-paper bag, and solubility was determined as the ratio of dissolved solute to the scCO2 volume under the given pressure and temperature conditions.