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Wildfires and Remote Sensing
Published in George P. Petropoulos, Tanvir Islam, Remote Sensing of Hydrometeorological Hazards, 2017
Nicolas R. Dalezios, Kostas Kalabokidis, Nikos Koutsias, Christos Vasilakos
The development of FEWS is an essential tool in the framework of wildfire prevention and presuppression planning. The type of vegetation is very significant in fire risk mapping and forecasting. For example in Figure 10.4, a fire initiation risk map of Greece based on the vegetation cover is presented. Moreover, parameters, such as fuel type, fuel moisture, wind, and topography, constitute inputs, among others, to fire danger predicting systems that have been developed for fire prevention and suppression. Two of the most effective operational and widely used systems are the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) in United States (US Forest Service, 2012) and the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) in Canada (Canadian Forest Service, 1992); both rely on remote sensing data. Indeed, the contribution of remote sensing to FEWS in operational systems for use in fire management around the world can be achieved through the estimation of indices used for prefire risk detection models (Leblon et al., 2012). These indices, in combination with meteorological parameters and other fire risk assessment indices, can be employed for forecasting wildfires.
The Comprehensive Fire Information Reconciled Emissions (CFIRE) inventory: Wildland fire emissions developed for the 2011 and 2014 U.S. National Emissions Inventory
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Narasimhan K. Larkin, Sean M. Raffuse, ShihMing Huang, Nathan Pavlovic, Peter Lahm, Venkatesh Rao
The amount of fuel consumed, as well as the ratio of flaming to smoldering combustion, is governed in part by the moisture conditions of the fuel at the time of the burn; for this reason, fuel moisture is an input to the fuel consumption step. Daily fuel moisture values were acquired from the Weather Information Management System (WIMS, http://www.wfas.net/archive/www.fs.fed.us/land/wfas/archive/). Daily temperature, humidity, and rainfall observed at Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) across the United States are used to compute fuel moisture for dead fuels of varying diameters as classified by the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) (Deeming 1972). Each fire was assigned the fuel moisture values for the nearest reporting RAWS. If no station within 300 km was found, fire type-specific (wildfire or prescribed burn) default values were used.