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The People Who Do PM
Published in Ryan Cruzan, Manager’s Guide to Preventive Building Maintenance, 2020
Another reason facilities outsource some PM inspections is that many required inspections can only be completed by contractors who are licensed to do specific types of work. While you can do monthly in-house tests of your fire alarm system, only a licensed company can complete the required semi-annual inspections of smoke detectors. Your fire suppression system will need to be inspected and flow tested by a certified company each year or more often depending on your industry. Elevators, boilers, and backflow preventions are just a few more items which will most likely need to be inspected or tested by a certified company or licensed individual. There is a listing of roughly a hundred different of pieces of equipment and their inspection and testing requirements in Chapter 11.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Published in Caitlin H. Bell, Margaret Gentile, Erica Kalve, Ian Ross, John Horst, Suthan Suthersan, Emerging Contaminants Handbook, 2019
Ian Ross, Erica Kalve, Jeff McDonough, Jake Hurst, Jonathan A L Miles, Tessa Pancras
PFASs are thermally stable and repel oils and water with impressive surface tension levelling properties. For example, they have been used in some firefighting foams, for coating fabrics and textiles, in non-stick surfaces, paints, polishes and waxes. Some PFASs have been the key ingredient in “film forming” Class B firefighting foams used to extinguish liquid hydrocarbon fires. Since the mid-1960s these foams have been used for repeated fire training events at fire training areas and in building and fuel storage fire suppression systems. Major sources of PFASs can also include manufacturing facilities such as fluoroplastics, dust/mist suppressants, metal plating, leather tanneries, paper and fabric coatings producers, landfills and biosolids derived from sewage sludges.
Fire Safety
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Fixed Offshore Platforms, 2018
Automatic fire suppression systems control and extinguish fires without human intervention. Examples of automatic fire suppression systems include fire sprinkler system, gaseous fire suppression and condensed aerosol fire suppression. When fires are extinguished in the early stages, loss of life is minimal since 93% of all fire-related deaths occur once the fire has progressed beyond the early stages.
Application of multi-parametric characterization to water-based fire suppression systems in compartment fire scenarios
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Hengrui Liu, Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro, Anthony Chun Yin Yuen, Qing Nian Chan, Sanghoon Kook, Guan Heng Yeoh
With the rapid development of economies and increasing global populations, buildings nowadays are generally more compact in cosmopolitan cities with greater occupant densities. This inevitably is associated with significant fire risks and creates major challenges for fire protection and evacuation systems [1,2]. Moreover, most building construction and furnishing materials such as insulation walls [3], wooden and upholstered materials are combustible in nature [4]. These factors combined greatly increase the danger of having a fire in residential and commercial domains. For instance in Australia, tragedies such as Bankstown and Quakers Hill Nursing Home fire incidents [5,6] have resulted in fatalities and miserable losses, and both cases were with the absence of any fire suppression systems. These factors highlight the need for adequate fire suppression systems. Currently, water-based fire suppression and protection systems such as sprinkler systems and water mist systems are widely utilized. Fire protection sprinkler systems have been developed over the last two centuries and are utilized worldwide in building structures [7]. In the US, fire sprinklers systems have operated in 92% of the recorded fire cases, and 88% of them were effective [8,9]. In retrospect, the past fire incidents and the statistic matrix have highlighted the importance of residential sprinklers in building premises [10]. Despite fire sprinklers delivering effective containment and possibly early suppression to prevent fire growth and flashovers, their drawback, such as higher installation requirements in terms of cost and space [11], restricted applications due to water damage to valued properties [12], etc. is also of great concerns. On the other hand, water mist systems possess more advantages compared to conventional sprinkler systems, for example, it requires a lower flow rate compared to sprinkler systems and can retain their suppression efficiency while consuming a lesser amount of water [13]. With more advantages and broader application scenarios, water mist systems have received increased applications in enclosure fire protections. The distinct differences between sprinkler systems and water mist systems lie in their droplet sizes. The droplet size of fire sprinklers systems ranges between 1,000 and 4,000 µm [14], while water mist systems are designed in a way such that 99% of the droplets being regulated under 1,000 µm [15], which also contributed to their different fire suppression mechanisms [16,17].