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Hermetic Seals
Published in Heinz K. Müller, Bernard S. Nau, Fluid Sealing Technology, 2019
Heinz K. Müller, Bernard S. Nau
A classical bellows shape is the convoluted metal bellows, Fig. 5. The convolutions are rolled or hydroformed from a tube, and multi-ply bellows can be made from concentric tubes. With internal diameter d and external diameter D the effective diameter is approximately De = (d + D)/2. Materials are selected for corrosion and temperature resistance, and for manufacturability. High endurance requires a material having high pulsating fatigue strength under bending stress. Deformation modes are shown in Fig. 6. Metal bellows are made from bronze, tombac, various stainless steels, or nickel alloys like Monel™, Hastelloy C™ and InconelTM.
Metering Pumps
Published in Béla G. Lipták, Flow Measurement, 2020
The glandless metering pumps can handle toxic, corrosive, radioactive, high-purity, odorous, volatile, or abrasive materials. The direct-actuated diaphragm designs are the least expensive and are suited for low -pressure, low flow rate services. The mechanically actuated bellows design can deliver more flow and is well suited for vacuum or extreme temperature services. For higher temperatures and corrosion resistance, metal bellows are used.
Speed of Sound Measurement of Hydrogen Isotopologues Containing Tritium for Reference Gas Sample Verification
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2023
Simon Niemes, James Robert Braun
All gas mixtures used in this study were prepared by a manometric mixing principle using two volumes of about 0.8 L. Figure 1 gives a general overview of the mixing loop. Two vessels with accurately known volume (), temperature (), and pressure (, MKS Baratron 627D) were filled with the initial homonuclear isotopologues to the target pressure ratio. The gas sample was subsequently produced by circulating the gas using a metal bellows pump (MB601DC). In addition to the SoS measurements [Stanford Research Instruments binary gas analyzer (BGA)], various integrated analytical tools like the laser Raman systems (LARAs)[6,7] and beta-induced X-ray spectrometry (BIXS)[8] enabled in situ composition monitoring. A detailed overview of the TRIHYDE setup as well as the gas sample production procedure is described in Ref.[3].
Numerical investigation of precast RC beam with unbonded prestressing tendon under impact loads
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2023
Nowadays, precast reinforced concrete (RC) structure, with its advantages of high product quality, high production efficiency, good economic benefits, small environmental impact, short construction period and so forth, has attracted more and more attention (Li, Hao, Zhang, & Bi, 2018; Zoubek, Isakovic, Fahjan, & Fischinger, 2013). In general, the method of connection pays a critical role since it directly affects the overall performance of the precast structure, so the researchers have conducted a great quantity of analysis on different connection types (Ghayeb, Razak, & Sulong, 2017; Nimse, Joshi, & Patel, 2014; Sadrnejad & Labibzadeh, 2006). These researches included the grouting sleeve connection, unbonded prestressing connection and metal bellows connection. The methods of connections are divided into two types, i.e. wet connections and dry connections.
Speciation and Heat Release Studies during n-Heptane Oxidation in a Motored Engine
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2022
Elyasa Al-Gharibeh, Steven Beyerlein, Kamal Kumar
A pre-calibrated fuel injector controls the fuel flow and is attached mid-way in the intake port. A laminar flow element measures the airflow rate. An external heater is used to raise the oil temperature, as this reduces the time needed for reaching steady operating conditions. The cooling system consists of a radiator and a fan to maintain the desired coolant temperature. An electronic feedback control system regulates all the temperature setpoints for the auxiliaries. The engine is driven by an electric motor with the spark plug deactivated. Following the compression of the gases within the cylinder, the undiluted exhaust gas is sampled for analysis. The gas sampling system consists of an oil-free metal bellows vacuum pump that discharges to a pre-vacuumed silonite coated stainless-steel sampling canister.