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Probabilities in safety of machinery—how fixed and movable guards bring about a significant risk reduction
Published in Stein Haugen, Anne Barros, Coen van Gulijk, Trond Kongsvik, Jan Erik Vinnem, Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018
Heinrich Mödden, Eckart Uhlmann, Lukas Prasol, Simon Thom, Simon Thom
The Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC requires the preparation of risk assessments for all life cycle phases of a machine as proof of compliance with safety and health requirements in accordance with Annex I. In point 1, it deals directly with the risk elements “severity of possible injuries” and “probability of their occurrence”. Since 2012, ISO 13849 (2008) has been the new guiding standard for control safety in mechanical engineering. It determines the safety reliability of a control chain via the “Performance Level” (PL). A new feature is the quantitative treatment of safety: The PL is a theoretical characteristic value as “average probability of a dangerous failure per hour” and it is given as PFHd-value. This concept is not yet fully compliant with the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and the Guiding Standard for Risk Assessment, as explained by Steiger (2014). This paper contributes to a better understanding.
Safety-related electrotechnical control systems
Published in John M. Madden, Electrical Safety and the Law, 2017
The specification will lead to the identification of safety functions, again as recommended in BS EN ISO 13849. BS EN 61508’s safety functions are defined in terms of their functionality and their safety integrity. The safety integrity of each safety function is roughly equivalent to the concept of the Performance Levels of BS EN ISO 13849. BS EN 61508’s safety integrity levels are tightly defined in terms of their target failure measure. There are four levels of safety integrity, ranging from Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 1 to SIL 4, with SIL 4 being the most safe.
Robot Modularity for Service Robots
Published in Paolo Barattini, Vicentini Federico, Gurvinder Singh Virk, Tamás Haidegger, Human–Robot Interaction, 2019
Hong Seong Park, Gurvinder Singh Virk
The V&V procedure for safety of a robot system is shown in Figure 4.4 , which can apply to a robot from a system viewpoint. Note that the V&V process is related to electrical/electronic parts and software parts, but mechanical parts are not mentioned in the process. ISO 12100, ISO 10218, ISO 13482, and ISO 13849 provide safety requirements related to mechanical and environmental aspects. ISO 13849 covers safety-related parts of control systems similar to those of IEC 61508.
Proposal for a method for analysing smart personal protective systems
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Patrice Marchal, James Baudoin
In particular, it should characterize that function in terms of response time, detection sensitivity and dimensions of the detection area. For that function, the manufacturer must also define its type (2, 3 or 4) as defined in Standard No. EN IEC 61496-1:2014 [29] that characterizes the level of risk that it can cover. If the manufacturer of this ‘smart helmet’ wishes to be able to have it used on all types of machine, including the most dangerous ones, the manufacturer must satisfy the type 4 requirements and therefore must achieve the highest performance level (PLe) as defined in Standard No. EN ISO 13849-1:2016 [17] for the ‘smart’ portion of the function (modules integrated into the helmet + module connected to the machine).