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Published in Amit Kumar Tyagi, Ajith Abraham, Recurrent Neural Networks, 2023
Samaher Al-Janabi, Ayad Alkaim
A control system is a device or group of devices that manage, direct, or regulate the behavior of other devices or systems. Industrial control systems are used to control equipment or machines. There are two common categories of control systems: open-loop control system and closed-loop control system. In open-loop control systems, the output is generated based on the input, as happens in an electronic washing machine system when we specify the spin period according to the degree of soiling of the clothes. This means that the user does not need to check whether the clothes are clean or not because the results are known according to the specified time.
Electro, pneumatic and hydraulic systems and devices
Published in Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson
The term sensor is used with instrumentation and control systems to describe the element which takes information about the variable being measured or monitored and changes it into some form which enables the rest of the measurement or control system to utilise it. Suppose a pneumatic machine is required to push a printing head onto each package produced from a packaging machine and print the name and address of the company. The packages may be of different sizes and not spaced regularly on the delivery belt. What is required is a means of determining when a package is in the correct position for a cylinder actuator to be actuated and push the printing head onto the face of the package. A position sensor is required. This might be some device which senses the package by coming into contact with it, e.g., the package might move a roller or plunger or operate an electrical switch, or it might be some device which is non-contact and detects the presence of the package by operating a reed switch or other electrical non-contact sensor. The sensor might then be used to mechanically, or by a pneumatic pilot signal, or electrically, actuate a valve.
Integrated Energy Management
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Lynne C. Capehart, Paul Allen, David Green, Web Based Enterprise Energy and Building Automation Systems, 2020
BCSs are local microprocessor-based computers, which gather data about the building operations (i.e., temperatures, meter data, smoke levels) and utilize that data to make predetermined changes in the operation of the building assets (i.e., start chiller, run generator, open valve, sound alarm). Some common examples of control systems are building automation, fire alarm, card access, energy metering and video systems.
A Framework Utilizing Augmented Reality to Enhance the Teaching–Learning Experience of Linear Control Systems
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Deepti Prit Kaur, Archana Mantri, Ben Horan
Control System is defined as the interconnection of interacting components which form a system configuration to provide a desired system response. Such systems are used to achieve increased productivity and improved performance of a device or system. The basis for analysis of a control system is governed by linear system theory, which assumes the cause and effect relationship for the components of a system [31]. A control system that satisfies the requirement of linearity (if system output is linear with respect to input and follows the rule of superposition) and time invariance (if the relation between system input and output is independent of the passage of time) is termed as LTI Control System. An LTI system can be open loop or closed loop based on its classification. While an open loop system is a simple yet less accurate system, a closed loop is complex but self-correcting and more accurate control system. Despite having many advantages over open loop system, a closed loop system tends to become unstable due to the presence of feedback which was used for the purpose of reducing the error between reference input and desired output of the system.
A Brawny hybrid FOFPID in MODA controller in HEVs
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Seema Haribhau Jadhav, R. V. Sarwadnya
A control system manages, commands, and conducts the behavior of other devices or systems, which are also used for control processing. FOFPID controller in cascade control loop to control the speed of highly nonlinear HEV having ETCS. Both the fuzzy controllers are nonlinear in behavior and possess adaptive character due to their variable gains at run time. Conventional fractional order PID controller is obtained by swapping noninteger order operators with integer order operators from classical PID controller. In case, the gains of primary and secondary controllers are optimized using MODA for minimizing IAE, overshoot and settling time with equal weights in order to track the step change in reference speed. FOFPID controllers are used in cascade control loop as primary and secondary controllers for speed profile tracking, disturbance rejection, and various model uncertainties. Simulation results revealed that the combination of FOFPD and FOFPI controllers demonstrated a superior performance in each investigation and outperformed all the other controllers’ combinations. FOFPID controllers handle the model uncertainties and variation of system parameters with time as compared to other combinations of controller and are strongly validated to be the efficient controller combination as compared to and PD/PI controllers. In future, other recent optimizing techniques can also be explored to further tightly tune the controller. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better results compared with existing methods. It further suggests that the proposed method is well suitable for the colon cancer identification scheme.
Control algorithms and strategies of feeding for fed-batch fermentation of Escherichia coli: a review of 40 years of experience
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Mohammad Mahmoodi, Ehsan Nassireslami
A Feedback (FB) control system is an error-based system whose response depends on its measurement as a feedback signal. This feedback signal is compared with a predetermined reference to produce an error signal which is subsequently filtered by a controller to generate the system's control input.[74]