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C&G Unit 302: Principles of electrical science
Published in Trevor Linsley, Advanced Electrical Installation Work, 2019
A thermostat is a device for maintaining a constant temperature at some predetermined value. The operation of a thermostat is often based on the principle of differential expansion between dissimilar metals; that is, a bimetal strip, which causes a contact to make or break at a chosen temperature. Figure 3.64 shows the principle of a rod-type thermostat which is often used with water heaters. An invar rod, which has minimal expansion when heated, is housed within a copper tube and the two metals are brazed together at one end. The other end of the copper tube is secured to one end of the switch mechanism. As the copper expands and contracts under the influence of a varying temperature, the switch contacts make and break. In the case of a thermostat such as this, the electrical circuit is broken when the temperature setting is reached. Figure 3.65 shows a room thermostat which works on the same principle.
IoT Smart Homes and Security Issues: An Overview
Published in Fadi Al-Turjman, Security in IoT-Enabled Spaces, 2019
Fadi Al-Turjman, Chadi Altrjman
Smart thermostat -This device allows the user to remotely control the heating and cooling system within the house. Furthermore, it can control the humidity and adjust the temperature of the house based on the user’s behavior inside the house. Moreover, these sensors can activate the energy saving mode when there are no users in the house. Applying cognitive technology to these sensors is a paving way for a smart home to be able to learn more about the residents and their temperature preferences.
System Stability and Sustainability
Published in R. S. Bridger, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2017
Peffer et al. (2016) report that programmable thermostats are theoretically capable of saving 5%–15% of the energy needed to heat house but save little, in practice, due to usability problems resulting from nonintuitive interfaces with poorly designed menus (too shallow or too deep), difficulties setting the timer and with mode switching, and largely digital interfaces with small and difficult-to-use buttons.
Multivariate fault detection for residential HVAC systems using cloud-based thermostat data, part I: Methodology
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2022
Fangzhou Guo, Austin P. Rogers, Bryan P. Rasmussen
An alternative data source for analysis and diagnostics in residential HVAC systems is smart thermostat data, including records of important, but limited, information including indoor/outdoor temperature, temperature setpoint, and heating/cooling operational mode. In recent years, smart thermostats have been widely adopted by homeowners, because they offer remote control and monitoring options (e.g., via smartphones), include learning algorithms to improve occupant comfort, and provide feedbacks to users regarding energy use. Meanwhile, the huge amount of data recorded by smart thermostats provides distinctive opportunities for FDD approaches, or even promotes a potential paradigm shift. Van der Ham et al. (2016) present two physics-based models and show that the thermostat data can detect building construction faults such as poor thermal insulation. Similarly, Rogers et al. (2013) focus on optimizing occupant behavior and develop an algorithm to provide personalized home heating advice to households. While these studies use experimental data, simulated thermostat data is also used for model validation. For example, Turner, Staino, and Basu (2017) propose a recursive least-squares model and identify airflow restrictions and total system failures.
Exploring smart thermostat users’ schedule override behaviors and the energy consequences
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2020
Brent Huchuk, William O’brien, Scott Sanner
Programmable thermostats have been seen as an ideal solution to a common problem; reducing energy consumption without affecting comfort (US Department of Energy 2017; Natural Resources Canada 2015). By allowing the thermostats to follow a programmed schedule that captures unoccupied or dormant periods in the home, temperature setpoints can be set back (or set up) at times when occupants will not notice. Substantial savings (over 30%) was estimated from applying these schedules (Moon and Han 2011). However, when installed programmable thermostats were evaluated, it became clear that the homes with programmable thermostats were often not saving or even spending more compared to homes using a non-programmable thermostat (Pritoni et al. 2015; Peffer et al. 2011; Nevius and Pigg 2000).
Design of energy efficient and thermally comfortable air-conditioned university classrooms in the tropics
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2019
Baharuddin Hamzah, Asniawaty Kusno, Rosady Mulyadi
Based on the performance of three strategies, it was found that the air temperature setting has the largest impact on the cooling energy consumption in the classrooms. The temperature setting is mostly related to the thermostat system. Generally, there are two types of thermostat system, i.e. manually and automatically controlled. Occupants through a panel or remote control can access the manually controlled thermostat. The thermostat can be set up in low temperature at the beginning and then manually adjusted with an increase of 1.5°C for every 30 min to reach the comfort temperature at 23 to 26°C (Bourdakis, Simone, and Olesen 2018).