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Intake and exhaust systems
Published in M.J. Nunney, Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 2007
In modern practice the exhaust gas analyser, in determining what percentage of the fuel has not been burned in the engine cylinders, has assumed more the role of exhaust emission tester. Such an instrument now provides meter readings for the amounts of either carbon monoxide (CO) or, as in later practice, both carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons (HC) present in the exhaust gas sample. These more sophisticated types of exhaust gas analyser utilize either infrared or ultraviolet, radiation detection units to sample the exhaust gas and, since the test conditions must be properly arranged, it is important to observe the manufacturer’s operating instructions. For the MoT emission testing of catalytic converter equipped vehicles in the UK, the actual type and manufacturer of the exhaust gas analyser must be approved by the Vehicle Inspectorate.
Diagnostic tools and equipment
Published in Allan W. M. Bonnick, Automotive Computer Controlled Systems, 2007
In the UK, a vehicle is tested annually for exhaust emissions and enforcement authority officials can stop a vehicle at any time to carry out spot checks. An exhaust gas analyser is used for these tests and most garage equipment manufacturers make, or market this type of equipment. They are called four-gas anlysers because they are able to detect quantities of CO2, HC, CO and HC that are in a sample of exhaust gas. In most cases, the exhaust gas analyser will also give a value of the air-fuel ratio, or lambda, and this can be a very useful aid when attempting to trace emissions-related faults, such as defective exhaust gas oxygen sensor signals, catalyst problems, blocked air filter, and faulty fuel injectors.
Performance and emission characteristics of biomethane-diesel dual-fuelled CI engine in the presence of exhaust gas recirculation
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Machindra S. Gaikwad, Avinash H. Kolekar, Keshav M. Jadhav, Mona S. Yadav, Parashuram R. Chitragar
An EGR system is provided to the engine between intake flow and exhaust flow. The EGR cooler with external cooling water is mounted in EGR line for controlling the temperature of exhaust gas. Thermocouples are used to measure the temperatures at inlet and outlet of both fluids of the cooler. Condensate of H2O in exhaust gas is removed using a drain plug from the EGR cooler. Airbox with ‘+’ joining system is used for proper mixing of EGR-air-biomethane; at the same time it is supplied to reduce fluctuations in their measurement. The flow rate of EGR is adjusted using the EGR control valve. The quantity of EGR was used 10% of the total intake of the engine throughout the experiment and it measured by using an orifice and manometer. Its temperature was kept constant at 45 ± 2°C through the EGR cooler. An exhaust gas analyser has been used for the measurement of emissions in the exhaust gas.
Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder DI diesel engine fuelled with lotus biodiesel-diesel-n-butanol blends
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
K. Sunil Kumar, J. M. Babu, Harish Venu
An exhaust gas analyser is used to measure the exhaust pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen Oxide (NOX) and other informative gases like O2. AVL exhaust gas analyser is used to measure the smoke exhaust. Figure 5 displays the concentration of gases in ppm and percentages on the screen. To calculate the emission from the engine, a sampling line is taken from the engine exhaust through the filter. This sampling line continuously collects the sample and supplies it to the analyser.
Use of CNG and Hi-octane gasoline in SI engine: a comparative study of performance, emission, and lubrication oil deterioration
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Exhaust gas analyzer (Testo-350) was employed to measure emission contents. The probe from analyzer was inserted into exhaust pipe, and HC (ppm), CO (ppm), CO2 (%), and NOx (ppm) contents were monitored. A commercially available lubricating oil (SAE 20W-50, properties as shown in Table 3), as recommended by the manufacturer, was used in the engine.