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Micromachining
Published in Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, J. Paulo Davim, Advanced Manufacturing and Processing Technology, 2020
Venkatasreenivasula Reddy Perla, K.J. Rathanraj
MRR of AJMM depends on several factors such as abrasive flow rate, abrasive mixing ratio, nozzle diameter, workpiece material, the velocity of the jet, hardness and size of abrasive particles, air pressure, and nozzle tip distance [10,36]. Mixing ratio=mass flow rate of abrasive particlesmass flow rate of air
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio as a Flow Parameter
Published in Frank E. Jones, Techniques and Topics in FLOW MEASUREMENT, 2020
In various fluid flow systems the fluid of interest is moist air, i.e., a real-gas mixture of dry air and water vapor. There are several parameters that can be used to express the concentration of water vapor in the mixture. Of these, the water vapor mixing ratio, r, the ratio of the mass of water in the mixture to the mass of dry air in the mixture, will be discussed and a simple equation for the calculation of the saturation mixing ratio, rs, will be developed. Several examples of the relationship between r and other flow parameters will be presented.
Monitoring and Analysis
Published in David H.F. Liu, Béla G. Lipták, Wastewater Treatment, 2020
The sewage concentration in the bioreactor (the nutrient concentration) is adjusted by a computer that varies sewage mixing ratio and dilution water. The total flow from the sewage and dilution water pumps is always 1 l/min, and the ratio of the two streams is modulated. Therefore, this pumping ratio indicates sewage sample BOD concentration. Environmental engineers have found the correlation between this fast BOD measurement and the 5-day BOD obtained through conventional methods acceptable. Pipe fouling was minimal, and weekly recali-bration of oxygen electrodes was satisfactory.
Controlling the mixing quality of 2K adhesives by means of electrical capacitance tomography – Part I: necessary polymer characteristics
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2023
In the present study, mixing quality is defined by the following three factors: mixing ratio, evenness of mixing and distribution of air bubbles. With regard to the mixing ratio, measurement of the component volume flow rates represents the current state of the art. A good overview of this technique was provided by Böhm et al.[9,10] in 2009. The authors considered different methods, such as volumetric or Coriolis techniques as well as ultrasonic measurement cells, which were compared regarding measurement accuracy. However, the techniques have in common that only the volume flow of the individual components can be measured, from which the mixing ratio is calculated. In contrast, Bezmenov & Ignatov[11] described a concept to control the dosing of 2K adhesives using pressure sensors by monitoring the pressure loss over time. The applicability of this method depends on multifarious factors, such as dosing parameters, the adhesive’s physical and chemical properties, and is thus not suitable for many polymers.
Joint optimization of quality and cost in brass casting using stochastic programming
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2020
Ümit Sami Sakalli, Burak Birgören
The blending problem is a classical operation research problem. It aims to determine the mixing ratios of the ingredients by satisfying the technical product requirements at minimum costs. A number of researchers have worked on the blending problem as it relates to different industries (such as oil, chemical, food and casting industries) (Ashayeri, Van Eijs, and Nederstigt 1994; Vismara, Coletta, and Trombettoni 2016; Cerdá, Pautasso, and Cafaro 2016) and have proposed several solution models. Kim and Lewis (1987), Ashayeri, Van Eijs, and Nederstigt (1994), Sakalli and Birgoren (2009) and Atac et al. (2016) have developed and proposed deterministic linear programming models.