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Answers to the Questions—Solutions to the Problems
Published in Edward J. Haller, Simplified Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 2017
The BOD bottle is 300 mL. Therefore, the sample fraction was: 5mL300mL=0.0167BOD=DODepletionSampleFraction=3.65mg/L0.0167=218.6mg/L
Wastewater Characteristics
Published in Syed R. Qasim, Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2017
BOD is defined as the amount of oxygen utilized by a mixed population of microorganisms under aerobic condition to stabilize the organic matter. The BOD test is conducted by placing a measured amount of wastewater in a 300-mL standard BOD bottle and filling the bottle with dilution water that contains the essential nutrients and is saturated with dissolved oxygen. Well-acclimated microbial seed may be supplied if sufficient microorganisms are not already present in the wastewater sample. Seeding is generally used for industrial wastewaters. Municipal wastewater is mostly well seeded. The dissolved oxygen is determined in the diluted sample initially and after incubation at 20°C for 5 d.27
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Oxygen Demand (TOD)
Published in Béla G. Lipták, Analytical Instrumentation, 2018
Seeds may also be prepared from soil, developed from cultures in the laboratory, or obtained from receiving water 2 to 5 miles downstream of the discharge. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content of the mixture is determined at the start of the test and again after 5 days of incubation at 20°C in a special BOD bottle. The DO may be determined by the Winkler titration method1 or instrumentally with a DO membrane electrode. The difference in DO after 5 days is used to calculate the BOD of the original sample. Corrections must be applied for immediate oxygen demand (that due to inorganic reducing materials) and for the oxygen required by the bacteria themselves for sustaining life (endogenous metabolism).
Mercury speciation and mass distribution of coal-fired power plants in Taiwan using different air pollution control processes
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
Chien-Ping Chou, Chun-Hsiang Chiu, Tien-Chin Chang, Hsing-Cheng Hsi
The total Hg concentration in liquid samples was analyzed by United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (USEPA) methods 245.1 (USEPA, 1994) and 1631e (USEPA, 2002). For the USEPA Method 245.1, a known portion of water sample is transferred to a biological oxygen demand (BOD) bottle, equivalent ground glass stoppered flask, or other suitable closed container. It is digested in diluted potassium permanganate-potassium persulfate solutions and oxidized for 2 h at 95°C. Hg in the digested water sample is reduced with stannous chloride to elemental Hg and then measured by the CVAAS (NIC RA-3220, Japan); the detection range of the method is 0.2−10 µg Hg L−1. USEPA Method 1631e is for determining Hg in filtered and unfiltered water by oxidation, purge and trap, desorption, and cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (Tekran 2600-IVS, USA). The detection range of the method is 0.5−100 ng Hg L−1. After the data from each CFPP were analyzed and calculated, the removal efficiencies and mass balance of Hg in these CFPPs were determined.