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IoT-Based Advanced Neonatal Incubator
Published in Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Bharat Bhushan, Bhuvan Unhelkar, Security and Trust Issues in Internet of Things, 2020
K. Adalarasu, P. Harini, B. Tharunika, M. Jagannath
A neonatal incubator is a rigid box-like system that isolates the infant in a controlled environment. It is normally in the form of a trolley enclosed by transparent perspex. This enclosed cover prevents heat and moisture and isolates neonate from their outer environment. The main parameters that need to be regulated in an incubator are temperature and humidity. The infant’s body should be maintained at constant temperature ranges from 36.5°C to 37.5°C [2]. Inside the neonatal incubator, the humidity should be maintained at 70%–75% relative humidity. Measurement of temperature by the axillary method has become the accepted neonatal nursing care. Neonates are usually attached with a noncontact-type temperature sensor DHT11 model for screening temperature continuously. A hygrometer is used for measuring the humidity inside the incubator and current sensors are also used. Below the mattress, there is a heater and a fan to control the temperature, as well as a water reservoir used to humidify the air inside the incubator. Air distributors in the incubator distribute air evenly to ensure equal temperature throughout the incubator to prevent spaces of cold or stale air. It also has four port holes to access the neonate without contaminating the infant’s environment.
Introduction
Published in Jamie Bartram, Richard Ballance, Water Quality Monitoring, 1996
Jamie Bartram, Richard Ballance
Incubators, refrigerators and freezers should be cleaned at least once a month. The manufacturers’ instructions should include advice on cleaning and may recommend suitable detergents and disinfectants. Water-baths may need more frequent cleaning to control bacterial growth.
Moderate potassium ferrate dosage enhances methane production from the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Yongqi Sun, Mengyu Zhang, Ting Song, Suyun Xu, Liwen Luo, Jonathan Wong, Xuefeng Zhu, Hongbo Liu
In the PF pretreatment process, in total five different PF dosages were applied, i.e. 0, 50, 100, 200, and 500 g-K2FeO4/ kg-TS, respectively. Each beaker contained 300 mL of WAS. After adding the determined dosage of PF, the mixture was stirred at 500 r/min for 2 h to achieve complete mixing of PF and sludge. After PF pretreatment, the sludge exhibited alkaline pH, which was re-adjusted to neutral pH (7.2 ± 0.1) by 1 mol/L HCl. The quantity of 1 mol/L HCl consumed for neutralizing was 7.5, 11.3, 36.3, and 91.5 mL for 1.0 L of sludge, respectively. The sludge was then transferred to a 500 mL of serum flask, and then the inoculated sludge was added at a volume ratio of 2:1 (WAS: inoculum). Nitrogen gas was injected into the serum bottle for 15 min to remove oxygen in the reactor, and then the serum bottle was sealed and placed in an incubator shaker with a constant temperature of 37 ℃. The whole reaction process of WAS anaerobic digestion lasted for 50 days until the cumulative methane production reached a stable state.
Assessment of the effectiveness of muck-digesting bacterial pellets
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2022
Emily Kindervater, Maggie Oudsema, Michael C. Hassett, Charlyn G. Partridge, Alan D. Steinman
Measures of alpha diversity for genus-level bacterial OTUs were obtained to assess OTU richness (i.e., the number of bacterial OTUs present in each sample), and OTU evenness (i.e., the relative distribution of each OTU for each sample). These were quantified by subsampling each sample with replacement to a minimum sequence depth (20,000 reads) 100 times to gain estimates of species abundance. Observed richness and evenness, based on the inverse Simpson’s index (Sun 1992), were quantified for each sample, using phyloseq v1.34.0 (McMurdie and Holmes 2013). A 3-way ANOVA was used to examine the effects of treatment, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, and their interactions on bacterial community richness and evenness estimates for the 8 week incubator experiment. A 2-way ANOVA was used for the bin experiment to determine the effect of lake, treatment, and the interaction between lake and treatment on richness and evenness estimates.
Microencapsulated extracts from Azadirachta indica seeds: Acquisition, characterization, and use in controlling Helicoverpa armigera
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Debborah Gonçalves Bezerra, Ivano Alessandro Devilla, Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição, Cecília Czepak, Karina C. Albernaz Godinho, Samantha Salomão Caramori, Roberto Campos Portela, Joelma Abadia Marciano de Paula
The assays to evaluate the photostability of the extracts were performed according to Forim et al.[17] with adaptations, in a BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) incubator, Ethik technology model 411/FPD 8.6. For this, the original lamps were replaced by ultraviolet (UV) lamps (30 W - long wave UV-A in the range of 350–400 nm - with a peak of 365 nm) in order to simulate solar UV radiation. Samples in triplicate constituted of 1 g of each microencapsulated extract, 1000 μL of the liquid extract and 0.5 g of the non-microencapsulated dry extract were homogeneously arranged in 15 cm and 7 cm Petri dishes, organized in two BODs and observed over 15 uninterrupted days at constant temperature of 30 ± 2 °C. Samples were stirred and changed places daily to maintain uniform exposure to moisture and UV radiation. Samples were taken at frequent time intervals (days 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 11 and 15) for HPLC azadirachtin content analyses. At each interval, the samples were evaluated in triplicate and the results were expressed as the mean (± SD). We verified the photodegradation kinetics (zero order and first order) to evaluate the azadirachtin degradation profile in the samples. In order to do that, the linear regression of the data was performed. The zero-order kinetics was expressed as degraded azadirachtin concentration (%) in relation of the time (days); and the first order kinetics was expressed as log of the azadirachtin concentration (%) remaining in the samples, in relation of the time (days). Time to 50% azadirachtin photodegradation in the samples was calculated.