China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Factors Affecting Team Communication in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Published in Christopher P. Nemeth, Improving Healthcare Team Communication, 2017
Tom Reader, Rhona Flin, Brian Cuthbertson
The intensive care unit (ICU) is a high-risk, acute medical environment that requires multidisciplinary teams to provide life-saving care for critically ill patients. Although a relatively new speciality, intensive care medicine is now an integral part of patient care in most health services (Halpern, Pastores and Greenstein 2004). Patients in the ICU are admitted according to the severity of their illnesses, with the majority suffering from multiple organ dysfunctions that require intensive and immediate treatment. Due to the serious nature of patient illnesses in the ICU, the outcomes of treatment interventions are often difficult to predict. However, research investigating the management of ICUs has shown that the organizational characteristics of an intensive care unit, and in particular the quality of communication amongst team members, have a considerable impact upon patient outcomes (Carson et al. 1996; Shortell et al. 1994). Additionally, studies measuring instances of critical incidents in the ICU (events in which a patient was, or could have been, unintentionally harmed) have frequently shown a link between team communication failures and breakdowns in patient safety (Wright et al. 1991). These findings are consistent with patient safety research showing communication failures to be a key causal factor underlying adverse events (Schaefer and Helmreich 1994).
Healthcare Delivery Systems
Published in A. Ravi Ravindran , Paul M. Griffin , Vittaldas V. Prabhu , Service Systems Engineering and Management, 2018
A. Ravi Ravindran , Paul M. Griffin , Vittaldas V. Prabhu
Intensive Care Unit (ICU)—serves patients with severe and life-threatening conditions. Patients in the ICU are closely monitored and often require special equipment such as ventilators to ensure normal function. There are several types of ICUs including neonatal (NICU), pediatric (PICU), post-anesthesia care (PACU), and coronary care (CCU). Patients are typically transferred into the ICU from the ED or from invasive surgery with complications. Common conditions in the ICU include shock (including septic shock), acute or chronic respiratory failure, renal failure, and neurological conditions such as stroke.
Auditory Alarms in Intensive Care
Published in Neville A. Stanton, Judy Edworthy, Human Factors in Auditory Warnings, 2019
The modern intensive care unit (ICU) contains increasingly numerous, varied and sophisticated equipment for the support and monitoring of critically ill patients. There has been a concomitant increase in the warning systems designed to signal changes or problems in equipment functioning, and variations in patients’ conditions.
Blood biochemical parameters for assessment of COVID-19 in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects: a cross-sectional study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Syeda Umme Fahmida Malik, Parveen Afroz Chowdhury, Al Hakim, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Md Jahangir Alam, Abul Kalam Azad
The routes of entry of SARS-CoV-2 to human include nose, mouth, and eyes (Li et al. 2020). The virus can be spread when an individual touches the nose, mouth and eye after touching the surface of an object contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 (WHO 2020b). SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted predominantly via droplet of saliva and discharges from the nose of an infected person, by direct body contact with the infected individual, airborne, fomite, fecal-oral, blood borne, mother-to-child, and animal-to-human transmission (Vivanti et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020a; Wang et al. 2020b). Following transmission, the time required to onset the symptoms of COVID-19 varies from 2 to 14 days (Sanyaolu et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020a; Wang et al. 2020b), and the symptoms include commonly fever, dry cough and tiredness, uncommonly headache, body pain, sore throat, diarrhea, loss of taste or smell, conjunctivitis and rashes on the skin or discoloration of fingers, and severely shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of speech or movement (Guan et al. 2020; Mao et al. 2020; Mehta et al. 2020; Sanyaolu et al. 2020). Based on these clinical characteristics, COVID-19 patients are classified as (i) mild, (ii) moderate, (iii) severe, and (iv) critical (Jin et al. 2020). Severe or critical patients need to be admitted in intensive care unit (ICU). However, a large percentage (adult, 10.1–23.0%; children, 16.4–42.7%; ~50% of the patients with no symptoms during detection develop symptoms later) of infected individuals remain asymptomatic and serve as reservoirs and carriers (Tan et al. 2020).
Nested Gaussian process modeling and imputation of high-dimensional incomplete data under uncertainty
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2019
Farhad Imani, Changqing Cheng, Ruimin Chen, Hui Yang
The annual admission to intensive care units (ICUs) in the US is more than 5.7 million with an economic cost of $81.7 billion (Pastores et al., 2012). Generally, the ICU provides deliberated care services; e.g., advanced life support and intensive monitoring, to seriously ill patients. ICU patients, albeit a heterogeneous population, have the compelling necessity for real-time monitoring and regular lab tests compared to those admitted to non-ICU beds. In particular, as the population ages, the prevalence of multi-morbidity and the resulting complexity of treatments spur the implementation of multimodal sensing technologies to improve the quality of ICU care.
COVID-19: ensuring our medical equipment can meet the challenge
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Francesco Garzotto, Erica Ceresola, Sofia Panagiotakopoulou, Giovanni Spina, Francesca Menotto, Marco Benozzi, Maurizio Casarotto, Corrado Lanera, Maria Giuseppina Bonavina, Dario Gregori, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Giuseppe Opocher
The Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection for coronavirus patients published by the World Health Organization (WHO) [7] give some technical address alongside clinical ones: for patients admitted to hospital with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and respiratory distress, hypoxemia or shock and target SpO2 > 94%, it is recommended to provide supplemental oxygen therapy immediately; ‘all areas where patients with SARI are cared for should be equipped with pulse oximeters, functioning oxygen systems and disposable, single-use, oxygen-delivering interfaces (nasal cannula, nasal prongs, simple face mask, and mask with reservoir bag).’ In the most severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and septic shock, multiorgan failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI), and cardiac injury [7]. These patients require a fully equipped ICU facilities with mechanical ventilation devices and accessories, monitoring systems, infusion pumps for nutrition and drugs/fluids delivery. A comprehensive list of medical devices for Covid-19 and related standards is available on the WHO disease commodity package [8]. Furthermore, Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) system to treat AKI and Fluid Overload (FO) [9] and Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are also devices to consider [10]. In a retrospective study [11] 59% of the cases developed SEPSI, 15% AKI, and 5% were treated with RRT. Studies specifically focused on CRRT as supportive therapies for the Covid-19- septic patients are currently lack but treatments and devices aimed to reduce the cytokine storm associated with the Covid-19 [12] have been extensively reported [13]. For less severe patients high flow nasal cannula, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/noninvasive ventilation (CPAP/NIV), monitors and dedicate equipment are also necessary and should be provided to the respiratory, infectious disease or COVID-19 dedicated units.