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Factors Affecting Team Communication in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Published in Christopher P. Nemeth, Improving Healthcare Team Communication, 2017
Tom Reader, Rhona Flin, Brian Cuthbertson
The intensive care unit (ICU) is a high-risk, acute medical environment that requires multidisciplinary teams to provide life-saving care for critically ill patients. Although a relatively new speciality, intensive care medicine is now an integral part of patient care in most health services (Halpern, Pastores and Greenstein 2004). Patients in the ICU are admitted according to the severity of their illnesses, with the majority suffering from multiple organ dysfunctions that require intensive and immediate treatment. Due to the serious nature of patient illnesses in the ICU, the outcomes of treatment interventions are often difficult to predict. However, research investigating the management of ICUs has shown that the organizational characteristics of an intensive care unit, and in particular the quality of communication amongst team members, have a considerable impact upon patient outcomes (Carson et al. 1996; Shortell et al. 1994). Additionally, studies measuring instances of critical incidents in the ICU (events in which a patient was, or could have been, unintentionally harmed) have frequently shown a link between team communication failures and breakdowns in patient safety (Wright et al. 1991). These findings are consistent with patient safety research showing communication failures to be a key causal factor underlying adverse events (Schaefer and Helmreich 1994).
The Safety and Quality Movement
Published in Christine Jorm, Reconstructing Medical Practice, 2016
Many adverse events occur in intensive care units, including mechanical, infectious or thrombotic complications from central venous catheters, healthcare-associated infections and complications due to errors in drug administration (Boyle et al. 2006). Direct observational study in intensive care revealed that residents and interns made significant numbers of serious errors (14–25 per 100 bed days). Some were intercepted, some reached patients and some both reached patients and caused harm (Landrigan et al. 2004). It should be noted that many medical errors do not result in harm or even minor consequences for patients (such as when a patient receives the analgesic or even the antibiotic intended for the patient in the next bed).
Healthcare Delivery Systems
Published in A. Ravi Ravindran , Paul M. Griffin , Vittaldas V. Prabhu , Service Systems Engineering and Management, 2018
A. Ravi Ravindran , Paul M. Griffin , Vittaldas V. Prabhu
Intensive Care Unit (ICU)—serves patients with severe and life-threatening conditions. Patients in the ICU are closely monitored and often require special equipment such as ventilators to ensure normal function. There are several types of ICUs including neonatal (NICU), pediatric (PICU), post-anesthesia care (PACU), and coronary care (CCU). Patients are typically transferred into the ICU from the ED or from invasive surgery with complications. Common conditions in the ICU include shock (including septic shock), acute or chronic respiratory failure, renal failure, and neurological conditions such as stroke.
Blood biochemical parameters for assessment of COVID-19 in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects: a cross-sectional study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Syeda Umme Fahmida Malik, Parveen Afroz Chowdhury, Al Hakim, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Md Jahangir Alam, Abul Kalam Azad
The routes of entry of SARS-CoV-2 to human include nose, mouth, and eyes (Li et al. 2020). The virus can be spread when an individual touches the nose, mouth and eye after touching the surface of an object contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 (WHO 2020b). SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted predominantly via droplet of saliva and discharges from the nose of an infected person, by direct body contact with the infected individual, airborne, fomite, fecal-oral, blood borne, mother-to-child, and animal-to-human transmission (Vivanti et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020a; Wang et al. 2020b). Following transmission, the time required to onset the symptoms of COVID-19 varies from 2 to 14 days (Sanyaolu et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020a; Wang et al. 2020b), and the symptoms include commonly fever, dry cough and tiredness, uncommonly headache, body pain, sore throat, diarrhea, loss of taste or smell, conjunctivitis and rashes on the skin or discoloration of fingers, and severely shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of speech or movement (Guan et al. 2020; Mao et al. 2020; Mehta et al. 2020; Sanyaolu et al. 2020). Based on these clinical characteristics, COVID-19 patients are classified as (i) mild, (ii) moderate, (iii) severe, and (iv) critical (Jin et al. 2020). Severe or critical patients need to be admitted in intensive care unit (ICU). However, a large percentage (adult, 10.1–23.0%; children, 16.4–42.7%; ~50% of the patients with no symptoms during detection develop symptoms later) of infected individuals remain asymptomatic and serve as reservoirs and carriers (Tan et al. 2020).
A review on state of art and perspectives of Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) in the fight against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
The enormous danger of SARS-CoV-2 lies in its rapid and inconspicuous spread. With increase in the number of cases requiring intensive care, health systems may become overwhelmed. These unfortunate statistics and prognoses call for an urgent need for more intensive research in this area of diagnosis and elimination of SARS-CoV-2 virus so that identification with the most accurate diagnostic method as well as epidemic treatment can be carried out as soon as possible.
Impossible decision? An investigation of risk trade-offs in the intensive care unit
Published in Ergonomics, 2018
Tom W. Reader, Geetha Reddy, Stephen J. Brett
Intensive care is a domain of health care where complex and critically ill patients suffering multiple organ dysfunction are treated by multidisciplinary teams. Resources are limited in terms of beds (10–18), and this means that trade-offs in ICU frequently relate to deciding which patients can receive care. We focus on two common risk trade-offs.