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Differential and Unique Roles of Off-road Assessments to On-road Safety
Published in Gavriel Salvendy, Advances in Human Aspects of Road and Rail Transportation, 2012
N. Aksan, JD Dawson, SA Anderson, E. Uc, M Rizzo
The battery of standardized neuropsychological tests was selected on the basis of their conceptual relevance to driving and demonstrated sensitivity to brain dysfunction (for test descriptions, see Lezak, Howieson & Loring, 2004; Strauss, Sherman & Spreen, 2006). The tests included: Trail Making Test Part A and Part B (TMT-A, TMT-B), Judgement of Line Orientation, Complex Figure Test-Copy (CFT-Copy), Complex Figure Test-30 Minute Delayed Recall (CFT-Recall), WAIS-III Block Design, Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Grooved Pegboard, and Useful Field of View (UFOV – total from all four subtests) (Ball, Owsley, Sloane, Roenker & Bruni, 1993).
Driver Behavior
Published in Motoyuki Akamatsu, Handbook of Automotive Human Factors, 2019
The trail making test (TMT) is one of the widely used tests to evaluate executive function, and there are two types: Part A and B (Reitan, 1986). In Part A, subjects are provided with a test paper showing randomly distributed numbers, and are assigned to draw lines to connect them in a sequential order; in Part B, subjects are given a paper showing numbers and letters, and are asked to connect numbers and letters alternatingly in an ascending order. The time it took a subject to complete the task is used as an evaluation index. The difference in time taken to complete Part A and B is also sometimes used as an index (Fig. 6.24).
When virtuality becomes real: Relevance of mental abilities and age in simulator adaptation and dropouts
Published in Ergonomics, 2020
Magnus Liebherr, Stephan Schweig, Annika Brandtner, Heike Averbeck, Niko Maas, Dieter Schramm, Matthias Brand
The Trail Making Test (TMT) was used to quantify cognitive alternation and flexibility. Along with these, Sánchez-Cubillo et al. (2009) report further mental abilities such as cognitive alternation/flexibility, inhibition/interference control, working memory, mental tracking, and attentional set-shifting, necessary to successfully complete the test. The TMT comprises two parts (A and B) in which participants had to combine numbers (A) or numbers and letters (B) on one page of the paper. Within Part B, 12 letters (A–K) and 13 numbers (1–13) need to be alternately connected, as fast as possible. The outcome variable is the time participants need to complete the task. The examiner points out errors directly, which influences the time to complete the trial (Lezak 1995; Reitan and Wolfson 1993). Previous studies describe the test as a robust measurement of intelligence (Waldmann et al. 1992), neurological impairments (Reitan and Wolfson 2004), and age-related differences (Wahlin et al. 1996).