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Lighting Controls
Published in Michael Stiller, Quality Lighting for High Performance Buildings, 2020
Most of us grew up amid a chorus of entreaties to “turn off the lights” when leaving a room, and one of the first rules of energy conservation is to turn equipment and energy-dependent devices off when they are not in use. Occupancy and vacancy sensors are some of the simplest lighting controls to implement, and can provide energy savings by simply turning the lights off when a room is unoccupied. The difference between an occupancy and vacancy sensor is seemingly minor, but it can have a great effect on the practical results. An occupancy sensor is a motion detecting device that senses when someone enters a room, and also when that room becomes unoccupied. It can turn the lights on when the room is occupied, and then turn the lights off when it is unoccupied. A vacancy sensor is simply an occupancy sensor that is programmed to require a switch to be manually activated in order to turn the lights on, but will still turn the lights off automatically when the room is unoccupied.
Design reviews on a multipurpose power sockets for different applications
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Chin jie Wong, Umar Nirmal, Sharmeeni Murugan
A motion detector sensor is a device that detects the objects that are in motion, particularly human. The appliance is used to together with an integrated system to automatically perform an order or command when the motion of user is detected. Passive infrared sensor and occupancy sensor are examples of motion detector sensor. A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures the infrared ray (IR) that is radiating from the particular object that is either in motion or in stand still position. When an object passes through a certain compound, said a wall, the temperature at that point in the sensor’s viewpoint will rise from room temperature to body temperature. The temperature falls back to room temperature when the object passes by the area. The sensor converts the resulting change in the incoming IR into output voltage which will trigger the detection. The PIR sensor can also detect objects with similar temperature but different surface characteristics as the surface may have different IR emission pattern. While occupancy sensor consists of various indoor motion detecting devices used to notice the presence of a person in a room or space.
Influential variables impacting the reliability of building occupancy sensor systems: A systematic review and expert survey
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2022
Yiyi Chu, Debrudra Mitra, Zheng O’neill, Kristen Cetin
Moving forward, as climate change challenges becoming increasingly important to address, significant efforts are being and will continue to be made to improve the efficiency of buildings, as one of the largest consumers of energy and electricity. Occupancy sensor systems used to more efficiently control the lighting, HVAC, and other systems in a building represent a strong opportunity for energy savings compared to most building operations today. The results of this work will support the development of a standard methodology to test these systems. With a standard set of variables that a diversity of representative stakeholders suggests are most important to use, the next step is to develop associated methods of testing to evaluate the performance of occupancy sensor systems, which will help to provide a standard method for comparative performance evaluation, to determine which sensor systems work best and where these systems can be improved. Additionally, it is also important to consider that if a reliability issue is identified for a certain type of occupancy sensor system, further efforts are needed to mitigate this to improve the sensor’s reliability and performance. For example, if a sensor system is determined to be sensitive to natural daylight, the may a recommendation to not install this sensor system near exterior windows, or additional changes to the sensor system may be made to reduce the sensitivity to daylight. The reliability challenges, however, vary depending on each sensor type; therefore, the specific methods to address each of these issues are also unique to the sensor system and need to be address individually.
Experimental evaluation of occupancy lighting control based on low-power image-based motion sensor
Published in SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration, 2021
Takuya Futagami, Noboru Hayasaka
Occupancy control is used to turn lights on/off based on the occupancy state measured by the occupancy sensor, as depicted in Figure 1. In practice, the occupancy sensor tends to be mounted on the ceiling but not the wall, as ceiling-mounted sensors are not obstructed by furniture or occupants [26].