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IoT Reference Architectures
Published in Stavros Shiaeles, Nicholas Kolokotronis, Internet of Things, Threats, Landscape, and Countermeasures, 2021
V. Kelli, E. G. Sfakianakis, B. Ghita, P. Sarigiannidis
Infrared radiation (IR), or infrared light, is a type of electromagnetic radiation that’s invisible to human eyes but that we can feel as heat produced when atoms absorb and then release 1.3 visible light and just below red visible light, hence the name “infrared.” IR has frequencies from 430 THz to 300 GHz [66] and a wavelength from 780 nm to 1 mm [32], as pictured in Figure 2.17.
Detection Technology
Published in Rick Houghton, William Bennett, Emergency Characterization of Unknown Materials, 2020
Rick Houghton, William Bennett
Infrared radiation (IR) is energy that has longer wavelength, lower frequency, and less energy than visible light. Infrared radiation increases with temperature. Night vision goggles work by converting heat energy (infrared radiation) into visible light projected from a viewer. A firefighter’s thermographic camera functions similarly by depicting infrared intensity. These devices detect the emission of infrared radiation from an object.
Introduction
Published in Jiri George Drobny, Radiation Technology for Polymers, 2020
Human genius created its own devices for generating radiant energy useful in a great variety of scientific, industrial, and medical applications. Cathode ray tubes emit impulses that activate screens of computer monitors and televisions. X-rays are used not only as a diagnostic tool in medicine, but also as an analytical tool in inspection of manufactured products such as tires and other composite structures. Microwaves are used not only in cooking or as means of heating rubber or plastics, but also in a variety of electronic applications. Infrared radiation is used in heating, analytical chemistry, and electronics. Manmade ultraviolet radiation has been in use for decades in medical applications, analytical chemistry, and in a variety of industrial applications. Devices used to generate accelerated particles are not only valuable scientific tools but also important sources of ionizing radiation for industrial applications. Both ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) radiations are classified as electromagnetic radiations, along with infrared (IR) and microwave (MW). The differences between them in frequency and wavelength are in Table 1.1.
Thermal history analysis on a hot surface using temperature indicating paints
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
P. L. Rupesh, M. Arulprakasajothi
The infrared energy coming from an object is focused on an infrared detector. The detector sends the information to sensor electronics to process the image. The electronics translates the data coming from the detector into an image that can be viewed in the viewfinder or on a standard video monitor or LCD screen. Infrared thermography is a method of transforming an infrared image into a radiometric one which allows temperature values to be read from the image. To read the correct temperature, one important thing needs to be taken into account: emissivity. Emissivity is the efficiency with which an object emits infrared radiation. This is highly dependent on the material properties. It’s important to set the camera to the correct emissivity to get the exact temperatures. It is extremely important to set the camera to correct emissivity for the desired material as most of the emissivity data are present in the camera itself or an emissivity table could be used. Figure 8 shows the thermal image covering the throat region, indicating a temperature above 400°C. Figure 9 shows the thermal image covering the right and left end region, indicating a temperature of 277° and 240°C, respectively.
Economic strategies for low-temperature transportation of asphalt pavement: a comparative analysis of temperature variations
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Xuefei Wang, Peng Pan, Jianmin Zhang, Guowei Ma, Jiale Li
The temperature measurement equipment is installed during the waiting period at the mixing station. The industrial temperature measurement equipment is mainly divided into two categories: contact and non-contact. Most of the common contact temperature measurement equipment has one measurement point, and the accuracy is low (Liu et al. 2020). Infrared measuring devices acquire infrared radiation from object and convert the radiation into electronic signals (Usamentiaga et al. 2014). The insulation material covers the carriage, and the non-contact sensors can only obtain the temperature value of the material (Li 2016). Therefore, the non-contact infrared temperature measurement monitors surface temperatures of the transport vehicle, but the internal temperature of HMA is not applicable (Bocci et al. 2020, Lu et al. 2008). In addition, neither of the two measurement methods can achieve real-time continuous measurements and cannot be used while the vehicle is moving. Therefore, a continuous temperature measurement device is designed to record the temperature variations at different depths and locations for the transport vehicle.
Thermal efficiency enhancement using a ceramic coating on the cylinder liner and the piston head of the IC engine
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
P. Anand, D. Rajesh, M. Shunmugasundaram, I. Saranraj
An infrared thermometer is a thermometer which infers temperature from a portion of the thermal radiation sometimes called blackbody radiation emitted by the object being measured. They are sometimes called laser thermometers if a laser is used to help aim the thermometer, or non-contact thermometers or temperature guns, to describe the device’s ability to measure temperature from a distance. By knowing the amount of infrared energy emitted by the object and its emissivity, the object’s temperature can often be determined. Infrared thermometers are a subset of devices known as ‘thermal radiation thermometers’. Sometimes, especially near ambient temperatures, false readings will be obtained indicating the incorrect temperature (Suzuki et al. 1986). This is most often due to other thermal radiation reflected from the object being measured, but having its source elsewhere, like a hotter wall or other object nearby – even the person holding the thermometer can be an error source in some cases. It can also be due to an incorrect emissivity on the emissivity control or a combination of the two possibilities.