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Design of Smart Automation for Two-Wheeler Safety
Published in Rajesh Singh, Anita Gehlot, P.S. Ranjit, Dolly Sharma, Futuristic Sustainable Energy and Technology, 2022
Shippu Sachdeva, Sai Sandesh Myla, Samara Simha Reddy Bijvemula, Sai Kiran Navuluri
Infrared sensors detect the object’s distance with infrared radiation. When the beam detects an object, the light beam returns to the receiver with an angle after reflection. The method of triangulation is as shown in Figure 4.1. PIR sensors are also known as Pyroelectric Infrared sensor, Passive Infrared sensor, or IR motion sensor, which detect the difference in temperature, thermal radiation, human body or an animal. PIR sensor operates with the radiation of body heat as shown in Figure 4.2. The hotter the detected object, there will be more emission occurs in PIR sensor.
Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Industrial Monitoring System
Published in Sudan Jha, Usman Tariq, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, Vijender Kumar Solanki, Industrial Internet of Things, 2022
Syeda Florence Madina, Md. Shahinur Islam, Fakir Mashque Alamgir, Mohammad Farhan Ferdous
The construction and principle of operation of passive IR detectors (PIR detectors) of a large detection range. An important virtue of these detectors is highly efficient detection of slowly moving or crawling people. The PIR detector described here detects crawling people at a distance of 140 m. High signal-to-noise ratio was obtained by using a large number of pyroelectric sensors, i.e., by using a large number of detection zones (channels). The original electronic system for the PIR detector is presented in which DC signal amplifiers from pyroelectric signals are used. In order to ensure large detection ranges, a new method of signal analysis was used. The main elements of security systems are PIR detectors. In general, detectors operating inside buildings have a small detection range, small ranges of working temperature, and relatively simple algorithms of intruder detection. A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications. Moreover, to detect slowly moving or crawling people, the lower limit frequency of a transfer band of PIR detector should be near zero. By fulfilling this condition, increase in low-frequency noise occurs causing a decrease in the next detector’s sensitivity. A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors (Figures 4.16 and 4.17).PIR Working PrincipleThe PIR sensor itself has two slots in it, each slot is made of a special material that is sensitive to IR. When a warm body like a human or animal passes through, it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor, which causes a positive differential change between the two parts. Note that the PIR just uses a relatively simple sensor and definitely not a camera (Figure 4.18).
Design reviews on a multipurpose power sockets for different applications
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Chin jie Wong, Umar Nirmal, Sharmeeni Murugan
A motion detector sensor is a device that detects the objects that are in motion, particularly human. The appliance is used to together with an integrated system to automatically perform an order or command when the motion of user is detected. Passive infrared sensor and occupancy sensor are examples of motion detector sensor. A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures the infrared ray (IR) that is radiating from the particular object that is either in motion or in stand still position. When an object passes through a certain compound, said a wall, the temperature at that point in the sensor’s viewpoint will rise from room temperature to body temperature. The temperature falls back to room temperature when the object passes by the area. The sensor converts the resulting change in the incoming IR into output voltage which will trigger the detection. The PIR sensor can also detect objects with similar temperature but different surface characteristics as the surface may have different IR emission pattern. While occupancy sensor consists of various indoor motion detecting devices used to notice the presence of a person in a room or space.
Context-Aware Systems Architecture (CaSA)
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2022
Juan C. Augusto, Mario J. Quinde, Chimezie L. Oguego, José Giménez Manuel
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) according to McNaull et al. (2014) provides subjects with required assistance, which includes monitoring their activities using AAL systems that will allow detection of undesired circumstances they might suffer. Such system can be created with current technology based on wireless sensors (Martínez Madrid et al. 2013). For instance, movement within a room can be perceived by the system using Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR).