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Environmental Health
Published in Lorris G. Cockerham, Barbara S. Shane, Basic Environmental Toxicology, 2019
Camille J. George, William J. George
The effects of PCDFs have been widely studied due to their association with PCBs and their toxicity. PCDFs inhibit food consumption and, to a lesser degree, suppress appetites in laboratory rats. PCBs also exhibit such effects, but to a lesser degree. Low levels of PCDFs decrease hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume. Concentrations of PCDFs greater than 10 ppm may result in erythrocyte count reductions as well (Wright et al., 1972). Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity and testosterone concentrations may also decrease following PCDF exposure. Conversely, an increase in serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase was noted in rats following PCDF treatments. When mixtures of PCBs and PCDFs are given experimentally, cholesterol and cholinesterase activity are both elevated, while triglycerides and aminopeptidase activity decrease (Wastler et al., 1975).
Hematology
Published in Alan G. Heath, Water Pollution and Fish Physiology, 2018
There is generally a good correlation between the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and RBC count, but if all three are measured, it is useful to calculate the following: MCV = Mean corpuscular volume in μm3/cell= Hematocrit ratio × 1000/RBC countMCH = Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in μg/cell=Hb conc. in g/1000 mlRBC count
Establish a Database Supporting a “Top-Down” Medical Screening Scheme for Birds and Mammals in the Field
Published in Lawrence V. Tannenbaum, Ecological Risk Assessment, 2017
The envisioned profile of metabolic and/or physiological measures to be assembled need not be limited to those that are assayed in human biological fluids. Through trial and error, a honed (“certified”) list of parameters to be collected and entered into the database may not be as inclusive as the list of routine and occasional parameters tested for in human samples. It may also be that several parameters that are not measured in humans come to populate the list. Scientists with specialties in comparative animal physiology, veterinary medicine, and hematology should be sought out to craft species-specific lists that should be the most utilitarian. Lists should not simply be made up of all those parameters for which a capability to accurately measure already exists. (For blood samples, it would seem prudent to have the database include: complete, red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts; hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume; calcium and electrolyte levels, and, to the extent practicable, an array of hormone and enzyme levels.) Importantly, the purpose in collecting parameters should always be defensible. Study researchers should be aware that when “certified” database measures are to be put to use (see Study #7), some or possibly many of the measures may turn out to not be particularly utilitarian.
Fabrication of poly(t-butyl betaine carboxylate)-based nanoparticles and study on their in vivo biosecurity
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Xueyan Hou, Yongli Shi, Mingbo Yang, Shasha Yu, Xue Fan, Jinna Liang, Xiaofei Pan, Xiao Wang
To further evaluate the acute toxic damage caused to the liver and kidneys of treated rats, the blood biochemical and blood routine analyses were also carried out. Before examination, the cargo-free NPs were administrated to SD rats by intraperitoneal injection every 3 days. Thirty days later, the blood samples of treated rats were collected, and the results of blood routine examination are shown in Figure 3A,B. Many significant parameters were studied, i.e. white blood cells (WBC), percentage of lymphocyte (LYN), absolute lymphocyte value (LYMPH), red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cell volume distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (PLT). It could be seen from Figure 3 that there was no significant difference in all blood routine indexes between the treated rats and the control ones.
Acute and two-week inhalation toxicity studies in rats for Polyalphaolefin (PAO) fluid
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
David R. Mattie, Matthew D. Wegner, Brian A. Wong, R. Arden James, Karen L. Mumy, Shawn M. McInturf, Barry J. Marcel, Teresa R. Sterner
Blood samples were only taken from the 2-week recovery cohort animals at the time of necropsy to look for possible delayed effects. Samples of whole blood with anticoagulant were evaluated using a blood analyzer (Hemavet 950, Drew Scientific, Dallas, TX) for the following metrics: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell distribution width, platelets, and mean platelet volume. Plasma samples were examined using a chemistry analyzer (Vet Test 8008 and Vet Lyte, IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME) for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, creatine kinase, creatinine, globulins, glucose, total bilirubin, total protein, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, and chloride.
Biochemical and hematological effects of lead exposure in Iranian battery workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki, Hamidreza Mehri, Faeze Sepahi-Zoeram
Blood samples (5 ml) were collected in Complete Blood Count (CBC) tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the anticoagulant, placed in a flask containing dry ice bags at 4 °C and transported to the laboratory to analyze hematological parameters. The complete blood cell count including white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet count (PLT) was counted by a hematology cell counter (Nihon Kohden, Japan).